chapter 3 part 1.1

Question 1

the two general classes of cells are

Answer 1

sex cells (gametes) and somatic cells

Question 2

reproductive cells with half the number of chromosomes (23)

Answer 2

gametes

Question 3

body cells with full set of chromosomes (46)

Answer 3

somatic

Question 4

watery medium surrounding a cell

Answer 4

interstitial (extracellular) fluid

Question 5

fluid inside cell but outside nucleus

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

intracellular fluid (intra = within)

Answer 6

cytosol

Question 7

isolates, regulates, structurally supports, sensitivity (sends receives data)

Answer 7

functions of plasma membrane

Question 8

plasma membrane is primarily made up of

Answer 8

lipids

Question 9

anchor (stabilize), recognize (identifies), enzymes (catalyze), receptor proteins, carrier (transport), channels

Answer 9

membrane protein functions

Question 10

binds to a receptor

Answer 10

ligand

Question 11

higher K/lower Na, higher protein, contains carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid reserves

Answer 11

Cytosol in comparison to interstitial fluid

Question 12

two classes of organelles

Answer 12

membranous and nonmembranous

Question 13

Six types include: cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes, and proteasomes

Answer 13

nonmembranous organelles

Question 14

Include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria

Answer 14

membranous organelles

Question 15

nonmembranous organelles that gives shape, strength

Answer 15

cytoskeleton

Question 16

cytoskeleton is broken up into (3)

Answer 16

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 17

Thick filaments in muscle cells

Answer 17

myosin protein

Question 18

thin filaments composed of the protein actin

Answer 18

microfilaments

Question 19

Provide strength, attach plasma membrane to cytosol
Determine consistency of cytoplasm
Pair with thick filaments of myosin for movement

Answer 19

microfilaments

Question 20

Durable and insoluble (Keratin, collagen)
Strengthen cell and maintain shape
Stabilize position of organelles
Stabilize cell position in a tissue

Answer 20

intermediate filaments

Question 21

Large, hollow tubes of tubulin; attach to centrosome and extend outward

Answer 21

microtubules

Question 22

Anchor organelles and provide “railway” for organelles and vesicles to move along.

Answer 22

microtubules

Question 23

are proteins that move organelles

Answer 23

Kinesin and Dynein

Question 24

Finger like projections of plasma membrane.
Increase surface area for absorption (GI Tract)

Answer 24

microvilli

Question 25

Cylinders of microtubules (9 microtubule triplets, no central). form spindle apparatus during cell division

Answer 25

Centriole

Question 26

cytoplasm surrounding pair of centrioles, where cytoskeleton begins

Answer 26

Centrosome

Question 27

Thin hair-like extensions (9 microtubule pairs, 1 central pair) move fluids across the cell surface. found in respiratory tract.

Answer 27

cilia