chapter 2 part 2.3

Question 1

molecules not based on carbon and hydrogen

Answer 1

inorganic compound

Question 2

molecules based on carbon and hydrogen

Answer 2

organic compounds

Question 3

carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Answer 3

organic compounds

Question 4

carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, bases, and salts

Answer 4

inorganic compounds

Question 5

covalently bonded (share electrons), have carbon backbone

Answer 5

organic molecule

Question 6

contain functional groups that determine chemistry

Answer 6

organic molecule

Question 7

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio (e.g. C6H12O6 a.k.a. glucose)

Answer 7

carbohydrates

Question 8

organic compound which includes sugar and starches as energy source

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

monosaccharide

Answer 9

simple sugar

Question 10

disaccharide

Answer 10

two sugars

Question 11

polysaccharide

Answer 11

many sugars

Question 12

simple sugar with 3 to 7 carbon atoms (glucose, fructose, galactose)

Answer 12

monosaccharide

Question 13

two simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis (sucrose, maltose)

Answer 13

disaccharide

Question 14

many monosaccharides condensed by dehydration synthesis (glycogen, starch, cellulose)

Answer 14

polysaccharide

Question 15

pulling out water to connect two or more monosaccharides

Answer 15

dehydration synthesis

Question 16

adding water to separate saccharides (opposite of dehydration synthesis)

Answer 16

hydrolysis

Question 17

how we store glucose
(polysaccharide)

Answer 17

glycogen

Question 18

process from glucose to glycogen

Answer 18

dehydration synthesis

Question 19

process from glycogen to glucose

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

made of mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms in a 1:2 ratio (hydrophobic, nonpolar)

Answer 20

lipids

Question 21

structural component of cells, energy reserves, and hormones. includes fatty acids, glycerides, steroids, and phospholipids (hydrophobic, nonpolar)

Answer 21

lipids

Question 22

Used for energy, lipid with long chain of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end

Answer 22

fatty acids

Question 23

fatty acids can be

Answer 23

saturated or unsaturated

Question 24

lipid with hydrogen (no double bonds): animal fats

Answer 24

saturated fatty acids

Question 25

lipid with one or more double bonds: plant fats

Answer 25

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 26

fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

Answer 26

glycerides

Question 27

three important functions of glycerides

Answer 27

energy storage, insulation, protection

Question 28

triglycerides have

Answer 28

three fatty acid tails

Question 29

four rings of carbon and hydrogen with an assortment of functional groups (doesn’t like water, nonpolar)

Answer 29

steroids

Question 30

cholesterol, estrogen and testosterone, corticosteroids and calcitriol

Answer 30

types of steroids

Question 31

component of plasma cell membrane (steroid)

Answer 31

cholesterol

Question 32

Structural lipids, component of plasma cell membrane

Answer 32

phospholipids

Question 33

Diglycerides attached to a phosphate group and a non-lipid group

Answer 33

phospholipid

Question 34

Have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Answer 34

phospholipid

Question 35

structure of cell membrane (two layers)

Answer 35

phospholipid bilayer