chapter 2 part 2.1

Question 1

protein catalyst which lowers activation energy of reactions

Answer 1

enzymes

Question 2

amount of energy needed to get reaction started

Answer 2

activation energy

Question 3

enzymes speed up reactions by

Answer 3

lowering activation energy

Question 4

part undergoing change in reaction

Answer 4

reactant

Question 5

substance enzyme acts on

Answer 5

substrate

Question 6

specificity

Answer 6

different enzymes act on different substrates

Question 7

substrate fits into enzyme’s __________ like a key in a lock

Answer 7

active site

Question 8

surface of substrate break after enzyme activity and product released (decomposition reaction)

Answer 8

cleavage

Question 9

uniform mixture of two or more substances

Answer 9

solution

Question 10

medium in which dissolving occurs

Answer 10

solvent

Question 11

substance being dissolved

Answer 11

solute

Question 12

a heterogeneous mixture which settling can occur when undisturbed

Answer 12

suspension

Question 13

amount of solute in a solvent

Answer 13

concentration

Question 14

water’s ability form a solution/suspension

Answer 14

solubility

Question 15

most chemical reactions in the body occur in

Answer 15

water

Question 16

water’s ability to absorb and retain heat

Answer 16

high heat capacity

Question 17

to moisten and reduce friction

Answer 17

lubricate

Question 18

solution in which solvent is water

Answer 18

aqueous solution

Question 19

polar water molecules form _____ around ions and small polar molecules to keep them in solution

Answer 19

hydration spheres

Question 20

break down of ions in aqueous solution (table salt in water)

Answer 20

ionization or dissociation

Question 21

inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solution (must dissociate in solution)

Answer 21

electrolytes

Question 22

what can really mess up body functions?

Answer 22

electrolyte imbalance

Question 23

Na

Answer 23

sodium

Question 24

Cl

Answer 24

chloride

Question 25

K

Answer 25

potassium

Question 26

Ca

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

Water loving, interacts with water, includes ions and polar molecules

Answer 27

hydrophilic

Question 28

Water fearing, does not interact with water, includes nonpolar molecules, fats, and oils

Answer 28

hydrophobic