chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
describes the structures of the body
physiology
functions of anatomical structures
What are the six major organizations in organisms
Chemical (or molecular), cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
relationship between anatomy and physiology
a part’s anatomy determines its physiology
Chemical level
smallest chemical units are atoms. group of atoms are molecules. 1st level
cellular level
group of cells (atoms, molecules, organelles) working together. 2nd level
tissue level
small group of similar cells working together. 3rd level
organ level
2 or more different tissues working together. 4th level
organ system level
group of organs working together. there are 11 organ systems. 5th level
organism level
human is an organism (comprised of 11 organ systems). 6th level
what’s in the 1st level
atoms, molecules, filaments
what’s in the 2nd level
group of 1st levels forming a cell
what’s in the 3rd level
cells forming tissue
4th level
tissues forming an organ
5th level
organs forming organ system
6th level
organ system forming organism. 11 organ systems in the human body
homeostasis
stable internal environment
how homeostasis occurs
internal and/or external change responses
homeostasis examples
body temp, fluid balance, solute concentration
Autoregulation (intrinsic regulation)
Automatic response in certain area
Extrinsic regulation
change response by external source
sources for extrinsic regulation
nervous (brain) and endocrine system
3 parts of homeostatic regulation
receptor, control center, effecter
receptor
notices stimulus and sends info to control center
control center
processes info then sends instructions
effector
carries out instructions
2 feedback mechanisms affect homeostasis
negative feedback and positive feedback
negative feedback
effector responds to negate stimulus. most common, returns to homeostasis
positive feedback
effector responds to increase stimulus. body moves away from homeostasis
standard position for describing the body
anatomical position
supine position
anatomical position facing up
prone position
anatomical position facing down
anatomical regions consist of
body regions/parts, abdominopelvic quadrants/regions
universal terms used to describe the body
anatomical terminology
anatomical directions
directional terms to describe and locate
right and left always refer to
the patient’s right and left
plane (sectional anatomy)
a three-dimensional axis
section
a slice parallel to plane
what are MRI and CT scans used for
visualize internal organization and structure
frontal plane
separates front and back
sagittal plane
separates right and left
transverse plane
separates top and bottom
function of body cavities
protect organs and allows change (size/shape)
two major branches of body cavities
dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity
ventral body cavity subdivides into
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity holds
right and left pleural cavities, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
abdominopelvic cavity holds
peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
