chapter 2 Part 3

Question 1

most abundant and important organic molecule, contains basic elements, and basic building blocks

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

four basic elements

Answer 2

carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)

Question 3

20 amino acids are known as

Answer 3

basic building blocks

Question 4

central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, amino group (-NH_2), carboxyl group (-COOH), variable side chain or R group

Answer 4

five components of amino acid structure

Question 5

_____ have long chains/made up of amino acids

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

requires hydration synthesis, uses amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

Answer 6

peptide bond

Question 7

a molecule under a peptide bond is called a

Answer 7

peptide

Question 8

three or more peptides hooked together

Answer 8

polypeptide

Question 9

protein shape (4)

Answer 9

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Question 10

linear chain of amino acids along a polypeptide

Answer 10

primary structure

Question 11

hydrogen bonds form spirals or pleats

Answer 11

secondary structure

Question 12

secondary structure folds into a unique shape

Answer 12

tertiary structure

Question 13

final protein shape, several tertiary structures together

Answer 13

quaternary structure

Question 14

proteins which are structured into sheets or strands

Answer 14

fibrous proteins

Question 15

a protein’s shape determines its

Answer 15

function

Question 15

soluble spheres with active functions

Answer 15

globular proteins

Question 15

shape of a protein is based on

Answer 15

sequence of amino acids

Question 16

enzymes are proteins, enzymes are

Answer 16

catalysts (speed up change in chemical reactions)

Question 17

enzymes lower the

Answer 17

activation energy of a chemical reaction

Question 18

enzymes are not changed or used up

Answer 18

in a chemical reaction

Question 19

enzymes exhibit… (3)

Answer 19

specificity, saturation limits, and regulation

Question 20

organic protein molecules which are found in the nucleus (store and process genetic information)

Answer 20

nucleic acids

Question 21

determines inherited characteristics, directs protein synthesis, controls enzyme production, controls metabolism

Answer 21

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 22

controls intermediate steps in protein synthesis

Answer 22

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 23

structure of nucleic acids are strings/made up of

Answer 23

nucleotides

Question 24

nucleotides are the building block of

Answer 24

DNA and RNA

Question 25

three molecular parts of a nucleotide

Answer 25

a pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base (A, G, T, C, or U)

Question 26

purine (nitrogenous base, 2)

Answer 26

adenine, guanine

Question 27

pyrimidines (nitrogenous base, 3)

Answer 27

cytosine, thymine (DNA only), uracil (RNA only)

Question 28

the nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ______ in DNA

Answer 28

thymine

Question 29

the nitrogenous base adenine pairs with _______ in RNA

Answer 29

uracil

Question 30

the nitrogenous base cytosine pairs with

Answer 30

guanine

Question 31

purines have __ rings (very nitrogenous)

Answer 31

2

Question 32

pyrimidines have __ ring(s)

Answer 32

1

Question 33

nucleotides can be used to store

Answer 33

energy

Question 34

type of energy stored in nucleotide

Answer 34

ADP (adenosine diphosphate), ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 35

Parts that make up ATP/ADP

Answer 35

A (adenine) + ribose + two/three phosphate groups (di- = 2, tri- = 3)

Question 36

phosphorylation

Answer 36

adding a phosphate to ADP to make ATP (stores energy within the bond)

Question 37

adenosine triphosphate is used by our cells

Answer 37

to make energy (once bond is released ATP –> ADP)

Question 38

enzyme (catalyst) used to break ATP bond

Answer 38

ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)