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417 > Chapter 3 part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first step in the healing process

A

disclosing

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2
Q

how was the power of disclosure discovered

A

convicts in lie detector tests would feel much better after confessing

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3
Q

is opening up actually good for the soul and body

A

yes better immune response

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4
Q

are clients simply looking for a non judgemental listener

A

n other want to get the the root of how things get so messed up

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5
Q

you will learn and practice the first set of getting-out-of-the-way techniques in the art of helping. They are called …

A

invitational skills

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6
Q

Invitational skills are broken into two general categories: …2`

A

nonverbal skills and opening skills

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7
Q

what are opening skills

A

Opening skills are verbal catalysts that consist of encouraging statements and questions

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8
Q

when are opening skills used

A

throughout entire process but more at beginning

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9
Q

what are nonverbal skills in counselling

A

are the use of eye contact, body position, silence, voice tone, and nonverbal encouragers such as head nodding or hand gestures that invite the client to talk.

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10
Q

should eye contact always be held

A

no take breaks

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11
Q

list 5 nonverbal skills

A

eye contact, facilitative body position, appropriate use of silence, nonverbal encouragers, voice tone

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12
Q

what is facilitative body position

A

“Open” attentive body position, squarely facing the client

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13
Q

Allowing the client to fill in the “voids” in the conversation:T

A

appropriate use of silence

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14
Q

how should you gauge voice tone

A

off of the client

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15
Q

what are some nonverbal encouragers

A

Encouraging the client to open up with appropriate gestures and head nodding

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16
Q

what are opening skills

A

are verbal encouragers or questions. They ask the client to explore a little deeper but are not very invasive. They also reassure the client that you are following the story.

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17
Q

2 types of openers

A

encouragers and questions

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18
Q

2 types of encouragers?

A

door opener, minimal encourager

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19
Q

“Say some more about that.” e.g. of

A

door opener

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20
Q

“Uh-huh.” “Okay.”

A

minimal encourager

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21
Q

2 types of questions

A

open and closed

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22
Q

e.g. of an open question

A

“Could you tell me what has been going on?”

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23
Q

a way of attending and encouraging without intruding on the client’s telling of the story:T

A

active listening

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24
Q

One of the biggest distractions from listening is …

A

is the need to help

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25
Q

does the client notice quick advice

A

yes disqualifies helper

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26
Q

Michael White, the Australian therapist, calls these stories …

A

“narratives”

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27
Q

So besides the therapeutic effects of allowing the client to disclose, we also …

A

gain greater insight into the client’s world

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28
Q

the role of the helper is passive, waiting for the client to finish the tale.

A

Actually, the helper is listening with full attention so as to understand the facts, the feelings, and the unique perspective of the client

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29
Q

Nonverbal communication is also called ….

A

body language

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30
Q

what are the 7 ways we speak to others with body language

A

seven nonverbal ways that we speak to others without words: eye contact, body position, silence, voice tone, facial expressions and gestures, physical distance, and touching

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31
Q

Some writers have suggested that as much as …% of communication takes place on the nonverbal level.

A

80

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32
Q

It has been estimated that only …% of emotions are conveyed by verbal means, whereas …% are conveyed by the voice and …% by the fac

A

7
38
55

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33
Q

When … are being expressed, nonverbals are even more significant than what the person is saying

A

strong emotions

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34
Q

4 functions of nonverbal behaviour?

A

conveying info, regulate interaction, enhance intimacy, be persuasive

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35
Q

To increase intimacy, we increase …

A

proximity and use touch.

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36
Q

how do helpers use persuasion

A

The art of helping also relies on persuasive nonverbal messages to encourage the client to open up.

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37
Q

This discussion brings up an important caution about nonverbal messages. They are … so don’t draw serious conclusions

A

ambiguous

38
Q

… is the first and most important indicator of listening

A

Eye-to-eye contact

39
Q

In Western culture, we normally associate lack of eye contact with …

A

dishonesty, indifference, or shame

40
Q

eye contact can stimulate…

A

involvement

41
Q

what to do if Dif culture uses eye contact differently

A

respect the client’s own way of using eye contact and try to mirror it.

42
Q

When people discuss difficult situations, are struggling for words, or do not trust the other person, they tend to …

A

look away

43
Q

what is eye contact rule of thumb for helper

A

thumb is to maintain a moderate amount of eye contact while closely monitoring its effect on the client.

44
Q

Posture may be the most often noticed aspect of body language, so it becomes important to have a “…

A

posture of involvement.

45
Q

how should helper conduct body position

A

It is suggested that the helper lean the torso slightly forward (not the limbs), because leaning forward conveys attentiveness. Helpers normally maintain an open posture—no crossed arms or legs

46
Q

Words often seem somehow to deny the validity of a person’s grief or are perceived as attempts to sweep feelings under the rug. At these times, the helper falls back on …

A

attentive silence

47
Q

helps tend to use too much silence when they are new

A

f use with experience

48
Q

3 reasons helper uses silence

A

Experienced helpers use silence to allow the client to reflect, to communicate empathy, and to take time to think

49
Q

Clients also feel more positive about a session if the helper talks about one third of the time or less

A

t

50
Q

how do we use the clients voice

A

A client’s voice can give clues to his or her emotional state.

51
Q

how should helper use their voice

A

calm and empathy with the voice can help stabilize the situation and give the impression that the helper will not be overwhelmed by the problem

52
Q

helper should try and match intensity of clients voice

A

instead, raises the voice slightly or gives emphasis to words that convey that the client’s experience has been understood

53
Q

All human beings express the six primary emotions of … with the same basic facial expressions regardless of culture

A

sadness, joy, anger, surprise, disgust, and fear

54
Q

does culture play a role in facial expressions

A

different accents

55
Q

should helper keep a neutral expression or reflect feelings

A

depends on theoretical approach both can have problems

56
Q

what are gestures

A

are physical motions we use to convey emotion or emphasize important points

57
Q

how should helper use gestures

A

The listener who is moderately reactive to the client’s content and feelings is more likely to be viewed as friendly, warm, casual, and natural. head nodding for encouragement, a facial expression that indicates concern and interest, and encouraging movements of the hands that are not distracting.

58
Q

rule of thumb for physical distance?

A

culturally appropriate distance

59
Q

Normally, about … is a comfortable space for personal interaction

A

3 feet (suggest 5 feet)

60
Q

helpers need to use appropriate touch

A

t

61
Q

Shaking hands conveys our …

A

willingness to connect

62
Q

Touching another person does increase one’s ability to influence that person

A

t

63
Q

touch can be used to emphasize important points

A

t

64
Q

what’s the downside of touch

A

even slight gestures may evoke sexual or fearful feelings in the client

65
Q

3 guidelines for helper touch

A

(1) Touch should be appropriate to the situation; (2) touch should not impose a greater level of intimacy than the client can handle; and (3) touch should not communicate a negative message (such as a patronizing pat)

66
Q

what’s a pro hug

A

A hug may be a special gesture at the end of the helping relationship, but it may be experienced as forced intimacy when used routinely

67
Q

is warmth a skill

A

no Warmth is not a skill but a synthesis of nonverbal communications that can have a powerful effect on a client’s willingness to open up.

68
Q

what is culture

A

is the system of shared beliefs, values, taboos, customs, behaviors, and artistic products that a group of people transmits from one generation to the next and that members of the group use to understand their world and each other.

69
Q

how can you get over helping cultural differences?

A

differences can lead to a better helping relationship and turn a negative first impression into a source of growth for helper and client.

70
Q

Beginnings in the helping relationship are messy because …

A

each person comes in with expectations

71
Q

should you let them know anything about yourself in the first session?

A

Some helpers have a printed professional disclosure statement concerning the helper’s schooling, training, as well as what to expect in a helping relationship.

72
Q

how much of the first session should be paperwork

A

At least one third of the session must be spent in building the relationship and understanding the client’s problem.

73
Q

what should you tell them about the helping process

A

what to expect

74
Q

“How can I help you?” is this an appropriate way to start a session

A

yes

75
Q

should you start the next session with “How was your week?”

A

Unfortunately, this conveys that the client should recount the recent past and to some extent evokes a social atmosphere. Typically, clients begin to ramble and tell stories.

76
Q

what should you say instead of how was your week

A

“Last week we left off talking about how you want to be more assertive in your ­ relationships. Let’s continue to explore how we can deal with this issue.”

77
Q

The … skills say to the client, “I am ready to listen,” but the … skills say, “Tell me more,”

A

nonverbal

opening

78
Q

opening skills fall into 2 categories of soft demands

A

encouragers and questions

79
Q

what is encouragement

A

means “to cause to have heart.” Encouragers are words the helper uses to bolster the client’s courage to confide.

80
Q

2 types of encouragers?

A

door openers and minimal encouragers

81
Q

what do the 2 encouragers have in common

A

to spark disclosure without taking over the conversation.

82
Q

what is a door opener

A

a noncoercive invitation to talk”

83
Q

evaluative or judgmental responses are “….”

A

door closers

84
Q

door openers include …

A

observations

85
Q

what are minimal encouragers

A

are brief supportive statements that convey attention and understanding.

86
Q

what does a minimal encourager communicate

A

that you are on track

87
Q

questioning is not listening

A

t It is directing the conversation away from what is powerful for the client and fills the need of the helper

88
Q

Of all the opening skills, … are the most easily abused

A

questions

89
Q

why are questions bad often

A

Even more important is the fact that we are training our clients to answer questions rather than express themselves.

90
Q

how are you doing?

“How does that make you feel?” which of these is appropriate

A

neither

91
Q

questions increase with helper experience

A

f decrease

92
Q

when to use?

A

when you are missing key elements of the story

417 (7 decks)

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