Chapter 3 - Overview of Hydrology and Water Supply Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of Earth’s water is freshwater?

A

2.5%, the rest is oceans

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2
Q

Evaporation

A

The process where liquid water changes into water vapor (gas)

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3
Q

Condensation

A

The process where water vapor (gas) changes into water droplets (liquid)

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4
Q

Plant Uptake

A

Water taken from the groundwater flow and soil moisture

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5
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of liquid water from plants and trees into the atmosphere

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6
Q

Transportation

A

The movement of solid, liquid and gaseous water through the atmosphere

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7
Q

Runoff

A

River, lake, and stream transport of water and transport of ice in glaciers

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8
Q

Precipitation

A

Water that falls to the earth. Most precipitation falls as rain, but includes snow, sleet, drizzle, and hail.

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9
Q

Groundwater

A

Underground water flow (aquifers)

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10
Q

Deposition

A

The process where water vapor (gas) changes into ice (solid), skipping the liquid phase

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11
Q

Sublimation

A

The process where ice and snow (solid) change into water vapor (gas), skipping the liquid phase

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12
Q

Infiltration

A

Movement of water into the ground from the surface

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13
Q

Percolation

A

Movement of water past the soil going deep into the groundwater

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14
Q

Evaporation measuring tool

A

Hygrometer

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15
Q

What are the factors affecting evaporation?

A

Temperature: makes it increase
Wind: makes it increase
Humidity: makes it decrease
Surface area: makes it increase
Dissolved salt: makes it increase

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16
Q

What are the instruments we use to measure evaporation?

A

Sunken pan and a hook gauge & stilling well

17
Q

What are the two processes that cause precipitation?

A

The coalescence process and the ice-crystal process

18
Q

What is an instrument that can be used to measure precipitation?

A

Rain gauge

19
Q

Water budget (simple)

A

Inflow = outflow +/- change in storage