Chapter 1 - Physical Properties of Water

Question 1

Water molecules have what kind of shape?

Answer 1

Bent

Question 2

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 2

Electrostatic force of attraction between hydrogen and another atom. A water molecule can form 4 other hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.

Question 3

Bond strength order

Answer 3

van der Waals bond < hydrogen bond < covalent/ionic bond

Question 4

Vapor pressure

Answer 4

When gas and liquid phases are in equilibrium. Vapor pressure increases with temperature

Question 5

Density

Answer 5

The weight for a chosen amount (volume) of the material. Density varies with temperature and increases with salinity

Question 6

Surface phenomena deals with:

Answer 6

Surface tension, adhesion and cohesion, and capillary action

Question 7

Surface tension

Answer 7

Property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force (cohesive force). It is formed by developing stronger bonds with its neighbors.

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

Water is attracted to water (hydrogen bond)

Question 9

Adhesion

Answer 9

Water is attracted to other substances. Makes a water drop a drop

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

Is elastic. Can from hydrogen bonds. Assumed as incompressible at normal conditions. Has a high dielectric constant

Question 11

Dielectric constant

Answer 11

Ability to lessen current flow in an electric field. Varies with temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure

Question 12

Turbidity

Answer 12

Measure of relative clarity of the water. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity

Question 13

Water Transparency

Answer 13

Relates to the depth that light can penetrate. Measured by a Secchi disk