Chapter 10, 11, & 12 - Hardness, Acidity, and Microorganisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Hardness

A

The amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water

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2
Q

Total hardness

A

Total concentration of divalent cations in water expressed as equivalent calcium carbonate

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3
Q

Groundwaters usually are ____ and contain _______

A

Anerobic and contain reduced Fe2+ or Mn2+

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4
Q

Hardness equation

A

What the water contains * Molarity (M) of some substance

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5
Q

Impact of hard water on aquatic life

A

Hard water can limit the growth of plankton in ponds and limit fish growth. In hard water, some metal ions form insoluble percipitates and drop out of solution and then no available for organisms to take up. In general, the harder the water, the lower the toxicity of the metals to aquatic life

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6
Q

Low acidity is sometimes associated with

A

Low productivity and biodiversity

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7
Q

What mainly contributes to acidic waters?

A

CO2 and humic substances

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8
Q

Acidity

A

The amount of strong base necessary to neutralize the H+ concentration in water

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9
Q

How can we measure acidity?

A

Titrate a water sample from its initial pH to pH 8.3 with standard NaOH

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10
Q

Acidity mitigation

A

Limestone, lime, and other alkaline materials are used to neutralize acidity in the water

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11
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Produce and release O2 as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria have converted the oxygen-poor, reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one causing the “rusting of the earth.” Also produce cyanotoxins that are harmful to organisms

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12
Q

Redfield ratio

A

C:N:P = 106:16:1

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13
Q

Phytoplankton on water quality

A

Impacts the water’s pH, DO, and CO2 concentration

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14
Q

What are the environmental effects on bacterial growth?

A

Temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, light, moisture, mineral nutrients etc.

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