Chapter 3 - Notes Flashcards

1
Q

How many letters does the Greek alphabet have?

A

The Greek alphabet has twenty-four letters.

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2
Q

What is a diphthong?

A

A diphthong is two vowels that produce one sound.

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3
Q

What is an improper diphthong?

A

An improper diphthong is made up of a vowel and an iota subscript. An iota subscript is a small ι written under the vowels α, η, or ω (ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ) and normally is the last letter in a word. This ι has no effect on the pronunciation but is essential for translation.

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4
Q

What is a diaeresis?

A

In some words you will find two vowels that normally form a diphthong, but in the case of these words do not. A diaeresis (̈)(Ἠσαϊας) shows that these two vowels are pronounced as two separate sounds.

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5
Q

What is a gamma nasal?

A

Gamma (γ) usually has a hard “g” sound, as in “get.” However, when it is immediately followed by γ, κ, χ, or ξ, it is pronounced as a “n.”

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6
Q

When are breathing marks used?

A

Every word beginning with a vowel or ρ has a breathing mark.

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7
Q

What is a rough breathing mark?

A

The rough breathing is a ̔ placed over the initial vowel and adds an “h” sound to the word. The word ὑπερ is pronounced “huper.” Every word that begins with a ρ or υ takes a rough breathing.

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8
Q

What is a smooth breathing mark?

A

The smooth breathing is a ̓ and is not pronounced. The word ἀποστολος is pronounced “apostolos.”

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9
Q

What are the two special situations for breathing marks?

A
  1. If a word begins with a capital single vowel, the breathing is placed before the vowel (e.g., Ἰσαακ).
  2. If a word begins with a diphthong, the breathing mark is placed over the second vowel of the diphthong (αἰτεω, Αἰγυπτος).
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