Chapter 3: Movement in and out of cells

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Movement of substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, reaching an equilibrium.
why cells diffuse? waste product in body = co2, can poison in high contents, so diffuse into surroundings
Fastest in gas, slowest in solids

Question 2

Factors affecting diffusion

Answer 2

Temperature (Higher=faster)
Surface area (Larger=faster)
Concentration gradient (Higher=faster)
Particle size (Smaller=faster)

Question 3

Cell adaptation to diffusion

Answer 3

Large surface area
Thin permeable surface
Moist/think exachange surface

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

The movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
Water potential: tendency of water molecules to move from one place to another.

Question 5

Hyper, Hypo, Isotonic solution

Answer 5

Hypertonic: Higher concentration of solutes (concentrated) inside cell. More solvent will enter to balance concentration (outside cell: dilute)
Hypotonic: Higher concentration of solutes outside cell (concentrated). More solvent from inside cell exits to balance concentrated (inside cell: dilute)
Isotonic: Balanced

Question 6

Active transport

Answer 6

Process which uses energy AGAINST gradient, using protein carriers as membranes (low conc. to high conc.)
Why?
e.g. plant needs mineral ions from soil. conc. of mineral ions might be higher in plant than soil, so active transport will be used.