Chapter 2: Cells

Question 1

Cell structure of animal cell

Answer 1

Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Small Vacuole
Ribosomes 
Nucleus

Question 2

Cell Structure of plant cell

Answer 2

Cell Wall 
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Large Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosomes

Question 3

Differences between plant and animal cell

Answer 3

Plant cells have chloroplast, cell wall, and large vacuole
Animal have flagellum
Plant cell shave rectangular shape, animal cells have circular shape

Question 4

Function of cell wall

Answer 4

Tough layer outside cell. Helps hold the cell in shape and prevent any physical damage to the cell. Made of cellulose. Stops cell from bursting when full of water. Animal cells don’t have cuz they need to be very flexible.

Question 5

Function of nucleus

Answer 5

Controls and regulates activities in cell. Also houses the genetic information of the cell

Question 6

Function of cell membrane

Answer 6

Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Partially permeable

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 7

Clear jelly, nearly all water. Contains dissolved protein. Metabolic reactions take place here.

Question 8

Function of Vacuole

Answer 8

Fluid-filled space. Contains cell sap (dissolved sugar and other substances). Helps maintain water balance in plants. Helps with shape and turgidity of cell.
Small vacuole = vesicle

Question 9

Function of Chloroplast

Answer 9

Contain green pigment (chlorophyll). Absorbs energy from sunlight for photosynthesis. Only in plants. Also stores starch.

Question 10

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 10

Where cells make proteins. Responsible for turning messages from nucleus to proteins.

Question 11

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 11

Powerhouse of cell. Organelles. Where aerobic respiration occurs. Releases glucose to do so

Question 12

Cell Structure of bacterial (prokaryotic) cells.

Answer 12

Bacteria = unicellular
Cell wall (not cellulose), cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA as nucleus, ribosomes, plasmid
Circular DNA: Provides info to make proteins (same as plants,animals)

Question 13

Specialized cells

Answer 13

Cells adapted for specific functions. (tissue)
e.g.

ciliated cell, found in lining of trachea, moves mucus up
rbc, found in blood, transports oxygen
root hair cell, found at tip of plants, absorbs water and mineral ions
palisade mesophyll cell, found in leaves, photosynthesis

Question 14

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Answer 14

Eukaryotic = multicellular 
Prokaryotic = unicellular (only bacteria)