chapter 3 - molecules of life

Question 1

organic compounds

Answer 1

compounds in which carbon atoms are covalently bonded to each other to form backbone to which other atoms are attached to

Question 2

hydrocarbons

Answer 2

compounds where only hydrogen is attached to the backbone

Question 3

monomers

Answer 3

single units ( micromolecules )

Question 4

polymers

Answer 4

large molecules made up of numerous monomers ( macromolecules)

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

sugars

Question 6

what types of carbohydrates are there?

Answer 6

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

can not be moved into simpler sugar ex - glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

contain two monosaccharide residues ( maltose , sucrose, lactose )

Question 9

Polysaccharides

Answer 9

numerous glucose units linked together ex- starch, glycogen and cellulose

Question 10

lipids

Answer 10

fatty compound ( used for energy, cushion vital organs, isolate body from cold )

Question 11

Triglyceride

Answer 11

one glycol molecule attached to 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 12

Saturated fat

Answer 12

glycerol attaches to 3 saturated fatty acid chains

Question 13

unsaturated fat

Answer 13

glycerol attached to 1 or more unsaturated fatty acid chains

Question 14

Polyunsaturated fat:

Answer 14

glycerol attached to 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid chain

Question 15

Hydrogenated fats

Answer 15

MUFs that are artificially solidified by the addition go hydrogen

Question 16

steroids

Answer 16

Phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 17

anabolic steroids

Answer 17

artificial produced forms to testosterone

Question 18

types of proteins

Answer 18

Structural , storage, contractile, transport, defensive, signal, enzymes

Question 19

formation of protein ?

Answer 19

amino acids link together by dehydration synthesis to from peptide bonds (polypeptide )

Question 20

Primary structure

Answer 20

unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 21

Secondary structure

Answer 21

twisted polypeptide chain bc weak hydrogen bonds formed along the polypeptide backbone

Question 22

tertiary structure

Answer 22

polypeptide chain becomes even more twisted bc hydrogen bonds formed between the side groups of chain

Question 23

quaternary

Answer 23

when 2 < polypeptide chains are linked together

Question 24

denaturation

Answer 24

process modifying the molecular structure of a protein by change in ph or temp

Question 25

Nucleic Acids

Answer 25

DNA or RNA where ACGT or AGCU

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

Nucleotide monomers

Question 27

nucleotide

Answer 27

5 carbon sugars, nitrogen base, and phosphate group

Question 28

rna

Answer 28

Ribonucleotide monomers

Question 29

ribonucleotide monomers

Answer 29

AGCU