chapter 3 - molecules of life Flashcards

1
Q

organic compounds

A

compounds in which carbon atoms are covalently bonded to each other to form backbone to which other atoms are attached to

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2
Q

hydrocarbons

A

compounds where only hydrogen is attached to the backbone

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3
Q

monomers

A

single units ( micromolecules )

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4
Q

polymers

A

large molecules made up of numerous monomers ( macromolecules)

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5
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugars

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6
Q

what types of carbohydrates are there?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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7
Q

Monosaccharides

A

can not be moved into simpler sugar ex - glucose, fructose, galactose

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8
Q

Disaccharides

A

contain two monosaccharide residues ( maltose , sucrose, lactose )

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9
Q

Polysaccharides

A

numerous glucose units linked together ex- starch, glycogen and cellulose

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10
Q

lipids

A

fatty compound ( used for energy, cushion vital organs, isolate body from cold )

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11
Q

Triglyceride

A

one glycol molecule attached to 3 fatty acid molecules

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12
Q

Saturated fat

A

glycerol attaches to 3 saturated fatty acid chains

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13
Q

unsaturated fat

A

glycerol attached to 1 or more unsaturated fatty acid chains

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14
Q

Polyunsaturated fat:

A

glycerol attached to 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid chain

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15
Q

Hydrogenated fats

A

MUFs that are artificially solidified by the addition go hydrogen

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16
Q

steroids

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol

17
Q

anabolic steroids

A

artificial produced forms to testosterone

18
Q

types of proteins

A

Structural , storage, contractile, transport, defensive, signal, enzymes

19
Q

formation of protein ?

A

amino acids link together by dehydration synthesis to from peptide bonds (polypeptide )

20
Q

Primary structure

A

unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

21
Q

Secondary structure

A

twisted polypeptide chain bc weak hydrogen bonds formed along the polypeptide backbone

22
Q

tertiary structure

A

polypeptide chain becomes even more twisted bc hydrogen bonds formed between the side groups of chain

23
Q

quaternary

A

when 2 < polypeptide chains are linked together

24
Q

denaturation

A

process modifying the molecular structure of a protein by change in ph or temp

25
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA or RNA where ACGT or AGCU

26
Q

DNA

A

Nucleotide monomers

27
Q

nucleotide

A

5 carbon sugars, nitrogen base, and phosphate group

28
Q

rna

A

Ribonucleotide monomers

29
Q

ribonucleotide monomers

A

AGCU