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bio 101 > chapter 14 how biodiversity evolves > Flashcards

chapter 14 how biodiversity evolves Flashcards

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1
Q

biodiversity

A

variety of life

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2
Q

species

A

group of organisms similar in every respect to color ,age, size and sex

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3
Q

Population

A

species occupying the same place at the same time

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4
Q

Community

A

all populations occupying the same place at the same time

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

a community and its physical environment

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

all ecosystems together

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7
Q

speciation

A

origin of new species by branching and non branching evolution

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8
Q

non branching evolution

A

Population changes and becomes a new species

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9
Q

branching evolution

A

1 or more species come from a parent species

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10
Q

what are the tempos of speciation

A

gradualistic model and punctuated equilibrium

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11
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

species are formed adruptly

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12
Q

exaptation

A

the processs where a structured used for one function is used for another

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13
Q

what are the reproductive barriers

A

pre zygotic barriers and post zygotic

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14
Q

pre zygotic barriers

A

doesn’t let zygote be formed by not letting sperm and egg meet

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15
Q

what are the types of pre zygotic barriers

A

temporal, habitat, behavioral, mechanical, gamete isolation

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16
Q

post zygotic barriers

A

doesn’t let the zygote survive or reproduce

17
Q

what are the types of post zygotic barriers

A

hybrids inviability and sterility

18
Q

speciation occurs by 2 mechanisms

A

allopathic and sympatric

19
Q

allopatric

A

formation of new species by an ancestral population becoming separated by a geographical barrier

20
Q

sympatric

A

formation of new species as a result of a genetic change that reproductively isolated the new species from the parent

21
Q

how does macro evolution happen ?

A

natural selection, mutations, gene flow, genetic drift and continental drift

22
Q

what is the ratio for carbon dating ?

A

1x10^12 C12 = 1C14

bio 101 (12 decks)

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