chapter 2 essential chemistry for bio

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

element

Answer 2

substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

smallest unit of matter unique to a particular element

Question 4

molecule

Answer 4

formed by 2 or more atoms joined together

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

contains atoms of 2 or more elements in a unique proportion

Question 6

what are the subatomic particles and where are they located

Answer 6

particles and neutrons ( nucleus ), electron ( orbits around the nucleus )

Question 7

atomic number

Answer 7

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 8

atomic mass

Answer 8

number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Question 9

isotopes

Answer 9

atoms of the same element with same atomic number but different atomic mass

Question 10

radioisotopes

Answer 10

isotopes that tend to breakdown or decay spontaneously

Question 11

chemical bonds

Answer 11

relationships formed between atoms when they share or transfer electrons

Question 12

what are the 3 types of chemical bonds

Answer 12

ionic, covalent and hydrogen

Question 13

ionic

Answer 13

bond formed between atoms that gain or lose electron

Question 14

covalent

Answer 14

when atoms share electrons

Question 15

what are the 3 types of covalent bonds and what do they mean

Answer 15

single, double, triple = number means how many electrons do they share

Question 16

polar covalent bond

Answer 16

atoms that share the electrons dont exert the same pull on the shared electrons

Question 17

non polar covalent bonds

Answer 17

both atoms exert the same pull on the shared electrons

Question 18

chemical reactions

Answer 18

interactions bewteen atoms or molecules in which sharing substances interact to produce products

Question 19

what is the equation and product of photosynthesis

Answer 19

6C02 + 6H20 = c6h12o6+602

Question 20

hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

atoms of a molecule weakly interacts with a neighboring hydrogen atom that is already taking part in a polar covalent bond

Question 21

what are the 4 properties of water

Answer 21

solvent, cohesive, temperature stabilizing, and freezing

Question 22

solvent properties

Answer 22

water lets things dissolve

Question 23

cohesive properties

Answer 23

water molecules are attaches to one another by hydrogen bonds

Question 24

Temperature stabilizing

Answer 24

heats and cools very slow

Question 25

acids

Answer 25

substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Question 26

bases

Answer 26

substances that combine with these hydrogen ions or that release hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water

Question 27

salts

Answer 27

products from when acid reacts with base

Question 28

buffers

Answer 28

weak acids and bases that combine with hydrogen ions or release them or both and stabilize Ph