Chapter 3 - Jung

Question 1

Analytical psychology

Answer 1

Jung’s theory of personality (disagreeing with Freud on roles of sexuality, forces that influence personality, and unconscious)

Question 2

Libido

Answer 2

To Jung, a broader and more generalized form of psychic energy

Question 3

Psyche

Answer 3

Jung’s term for personality

Question 4

Opposition principle

Answer 4

Jung’s idea that conflict between opposing processes or tendencies is necessary to generate psychic energy (conflict/tension motivates)

Question 5

Equivalence principle

Answer 5

The continuing redistribution of energy within a personality; of the energy expended on certain conditions or activities weakens or disappears, that energy is transferred elsewhere in the personality

Question 6

Entropy principle

Answer 6

A tendency toward balance or equilibrium within the personality; the ideal is an equal distribution of psychic energy over all structures of the personality

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

To Jung, the conscious aspect of personality - our command headquarters

• sense of existence and identity
• organizes thoughts, feelings, senses, intuition, memory
• selective memory - “gatekeeper”

Question 8

Attitudes

Answer 8

Channeling of our psychic energy

Inward - introversion
Outward - extroversion

Most have some blend of these

Question 9

Extraversion

Answer 9

An attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward the external world and other people

Question 10

Introversion

Answer 10

An attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward one’s own thoughts and feelings

Question 11

Psychological functions

Answer 11

Ways of perceiving a person’s external and internal world

Non-rational - sensing/intuitive
Rational - thinking/feeling

Question 12

Psychological types

Answer 12

To Jung, eight personality types based on interactions of the attitudes (introversion/extraversion) and the functions (thinking/feeling, sensing/intuitive)

8 different types: 
Extroverted thinking 
Extroverted feeling
Extroverted sensing 
Extroverted intuiting 
Introverted thinking
Introverted feeling 
Introverted sensing 
Introverted intuiting

Question 13

Personal unconscious

Answer 13

The reservoir of material that was once conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed

Question 14

Complex

Answer 14

To Jung, a core or pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes in the personal unconscious organized around a common themed such as power or status

• Jung said this is diverse (not just centred around sex as Freud would have suggested)
• may be conscious or unconscious and are evident in the action of individuals though the individual may not be aware of them

Question 15

Collective unconscious

Answer 15

The deepest level of the psyche containing the accumulation of inherited experiences of human and pre-human species - heritage is passed to each new generation

Question 16

Archetype

Answer 16

Images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious (ie. persona, shadow, self, animus, and anima)

Question 17

Persona archetype

Answer 17

The public face or role a person presents to others (a mask, someone who is presenting to others what they are not truly)

Question 18

Animus archetype

Answer 18

Masculine aspects of the female psyche - should have aspects of both

Question 19

Anima archetype

Answer 19

Feminine aspects of the male psyche - should have aspects of both

Question 20

Shadow archetype

Answer 20

The dark side of the personality; the archetype that contains primitive animal instincts

• Darwinism influence
• darkest source of evil
• source of vitality, spontaneity, creativity, and emotion so should not be fully repressed

Question 21

self archetype

Answer 21

To Jung, the archetype that represents the united integration, and harmony of the total personality

• the self serves as a motivating force, pulling us from ahead rather than pushing us from behind (as our past experiences do)

Question 22

Jung’s developmental stages

Answer 22

Childhood

• ego development as child distinguished between self and others
• parents can force their views on children or they may hope their child will be the opposite of themselves

Puberty to young adulthood

• adolescents must adapt to growing demands of reality
• focus is external, on education, career, and family
• conscious is dominant

Middle age

• a period of transition when the focus of the personality shifts from external to internal in an attempt to balance the unconscious with the conscious
• personal change is inevitable (necessary and beneficial)
• process of realizing who you are and bettering yourself - working towards actualization

Question 23

Individuation

Answer 23

A condition of psychological health resulting from the integration of all conscious facets of the personality

Question 24

Process of individuation: how to reach fulfillment

Answer 24

1. Confront the unconscious - listen to dreams and follow fantasies through creative expression
2. Dethrone the persona - be nothing other than ourselves
3. Accept the dark side - awareness of destructive and constructive aspects of shadow
4. Accept the anima and animus - come to terms with the bias of our gender and embrace the opposite
5. Transcend - unity and wholeness of our personality - embracing opposing aspects of our personality and growing in that

Question 25

Jung’s understanding of Human nature

Answer 25

• deterministic (we are all headed there) and free will(but still have the choice to pursue it)
• mixed position about nature and nurture influences
• past and present focus
• uniqueness fades over time
• growth throughout life
• optimistic - positive and helpful - progress does not occur only in childhood

Question 26

Word-association test

Answer 26

A projective technique in which a person responds to a stimulus word with whatever word comes to mind

• uncovers complexes
• normal or neurotic responses would be determined by hesitations

Question 27

Symptom analysis

Answer 27

Similar to catharsis, the symptom analysis technique focuses on the symptoms reported by the patient and attempts to interpret the patient’s free associations to those symptoms

Question 28

Dream analysis

Answer 28

A technique involving the interpretation of dreams to uncover unconscious conflict

Question 29

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Answer 29

An assessment test based on Jung’s psychological types and the attitudes of introversion and extraversion

Question 30

Life-history reconstruction

Answer 30

Jung’s type of case study that involves examining a person’s past experience to identify developmental patterns that may explain present neuroses

Question 31

Midlife Crisis in women

Answer 31

• resolved more easily in women with independent careers rather than stay-at-Home mom’s/wives
• divided into three categories - conflicted (haven’t faced inner conflict), traditional (interest in others and giving, at expense of themselves, external pressures that are driving them, negotiating their inner world), and individuate (all external and internal conflicts have been confronted and resolved)