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Molecular Biology > Chapter 3: Introductory Gene Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Introductory Gene Function Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mutation

A

changes in the genetic material of a cell

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2
Q

DNA polymerase

A

catalyzes DNA synthesis/replication

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3
Q

single RNA strand ~80 nucleotides long, L-shaped, carry specific amino acid to ribosome

A

tRNA have/are…

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3
Q

specific coding region of gene containing no termination codons in sequence

A

open reading frame

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4
Q

codon

A

3 nucleotides encoding for specific amino acid

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4
Q

ribosome

A

binds mRNA and tRNA to facilitate protein synthesis

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5
Q

origins of replication

A

sites where DNA polymerase binds to begin synthesis

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5
Q

brings together mRNA, tRNA (w/ first amino acid of protein), and both ribosome subunits

A

Initiation

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6
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

A

joins specific amino acid to correct tRNA on one end, which has anticodon on other end to recognize mRNA

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6
Q

Initiation

A

brings together mRNA, tRNA (w/ first amino acid of protein), and both ribosome subunits

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8
Q

primary structure

A

unique sequence of amino acids

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9
Q

must be processed and modified

A

mRNA before leaving nucleus?

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10
Q
  1. highly specialized
  2. catalysts (accelerate reactions)
  3. provide favorable environment
A

enzyme properties (x3)

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11
Q

overall 3D shape of polypeptide

interactions between amino acids R groups, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions

A

tertiary structure

results from?

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12
Q

secondary structure

A

folding/coiling of polypeptide

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13
Q

point mutations (e.g.)

A

changes in one base pair of a gene that leads to the production of an abnormal protein

e.g. hemoblogin is mutated in sickle-cell anemia: CTC –> CAC (Glu–>Val)

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14
Q

helicase

A

unwinds DNA for DNA polymerase

15
Q

amino acids added to preceeding one

A

elongation

17
Q

tertiary structure

results from?

A

overall 3D shape of polypeptide

interactions between amino acids R groups, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions

18
Q

mRNA before leaving nucleus?

A

must be processed and modified

20
Q

elongation

A

amino acids added to preceeding one

21
Q

catalyzes RNA synthesis; opens DNA strands and hooks together RNA nucleotides (5’–>3’); sub T for U

A

RNA polymerase

21
Q

UAG, UAA, UGA vs AUG

A

stop codons (x3) vs start codon

22
Q

sites where DNA polymerase binds to begin synthesis

A

origins of replication

23
Q

unwinds DNA for DNA polymerase

A

helicase

24
Q

changes in the genetic material of a cell

A

mutation

25
Q

stop codons (x3) vs start codon

A

UAG, UAA, UGA vs AUG

26
Q

tRNA have/are…

A

single RNA strand ~80 nucleotides long, L-shaped, carry specific amino acid to ribosome

27
Q

3 nucleotides encoding for specific amino acid

A

codon

28
Q

catalyzes DNA synthesis/replication

A

DNA polymerase

29
Q

binds mRNA and tRNA to facilitate protein synthesis

A

ribosome

30
Q

open reading frame

A

specific coding region of gene containing no termination codons in sequence

32
Q

unique sequence of amino acids

A

primary structure

33
Q

folding/coiling of polypeptide

A

secondary structure

34
Q

occurs when ribosome reaches stop codon

A

termination

36
Q

quaternary structure (e.g.?)

A

overall protein structure resulting from aggregation of 2 or more polypeptide subunits (e.g. ribosome)

37
Q

overall protein structure resulting from aggregation of 2 or more polypeptide subunits (e.g. ribosome)

A

quaternary structure (e.g.?)

38
Q

termination

A

occurs when ribosome reaches stop codon

39
Q

joins specific amino acid to correct tRNA on one end,which has anticodon on other end to recognize mRNA

A

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

40
Q

enzyme properties (x3)

A
  1. highly specialized
  2. catalysts (accelerate reactions)
  3. provide favorable environment
41
Q

RNA polymerase

A

catalyzes RNA synthesis; opens DNA strands and hooks together RNA nucleotides (5’–>3’); sub U for T

42
Q

changes in one base pair of a gene that leads to the production of an abnormal protein

e.g. hemoblogin is mutated in sickle-cell anemia: CTC –> CAC (Glu–>Val)

A

point mutations (e.g.)

Molecular Biology (13 decks)

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