Chapter 3 Genetics - Mendal Flashcards
Allele
The alternative types of that gene are called alleles; Allele, from the Greek meaning other or alternative. Many alleles of a gene could exist in a population. We each of two alleles of a gene
Genotype
The specific two alleles you have specifies your genotype: AA (homozygous genotype)
Aa (heterozygous genotype)
Phenotype
Means appearance and trait. Dominate or recessive can be used to describe phenotype only. Cannot use Dominate or recessive on genotypes.
Cytology
Study things under a microscope
Mendal’s second low
Independent asortment (it is incorrect)
Chromosomes
Thread like structure made up of DNA. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
Mitosis
Typical cell division process: results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Most common in our regular tissue growth
Meiosis; Meiotic division
2 steps: pls refer to the pic: produces 4 gametes with 1/2 of parent chromosome numbers
Gametes
A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
When a diploid cell with 48 chromosomes (24 pairs) undergoes meiosis, each of the resulting ______ gametes will have _______ chromosomes?
4,24
After the completion of meiosis, one diploid (2N DNA) cell becomes four haploid (1N DNA) cells called gametes. Each gamete has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell but will have one chromosome from each pair. Remember, there are no “pairs” of chromosomes after the completion of meiosis because gametes are haploid
Gene
Stretch of DNA
Homologous recombination
See pic
Somatic cell
A non-gamete “body” cell. Carries the normal (in humans, diploid) number of chromosome copies.
diploid
Describes a cell with two copies of its chromosomes. The copies are homologous but not identical, one coming from each parent organism.
progeny
the offspring of an organism(s)
