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Blood Bank Crystal > Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Immunology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not involved in the acquired or adaptive immune response?

a. Phagocytosis
b. Production of antibody or complement
c. Induction of immunologic memory
d. Accelerated immune response upon subsequent exposure to antigen

A

a. phagocytosis

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2
Q

Which cells are involved in the production of

antibodies?

A

B lymphs

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3
Q

Which cells are involved in antigen recognition following phagocytosis?

A

T lymphs

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4
Q

The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to:

A

Process antigen and present it

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5
Q

Which immunoglobulins are produced in the primary immune response?

A

IgM

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6
Q

Which immunoglobins are produced in the secondary immune response

A

IgG

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7
Q

Which MHC classes are found on antigen presenting cells?

A

Class II

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8
Q

Which MHC classes encodes complement components?

A

Class III

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9
Q

Which immunoglobulins are most efficient at binding complement?

A

IgM

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10
Q

Which portion of the immunoglobulin molecules contains complement binding sites?

A

Heavy chain constant region

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11
Q

Which complement pathway is activated by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes?

A

Classical

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12
Q

What is known as the “recognition unit” in the classical complement pathway?

A

C1q

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13
Q

What is known as the “membrane attack complex” in the classical complement pathway?

A

C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9

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14
Q

What immunoglobulin class is capable of crossing the placenta and causing hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

IgG

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15
Q

What refers to the effect of an excess amount of antigen present in a test system?

A

Postzone

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16
Q

What refers to the presence of an excess amount of antibody present in a test system?

A

Prozone

17
Q

What refers to a state of equilibrium in antigen-antibody reactions?

A

Zone of equivalence

18
Q

What property of antibodies is not dependent on the structure of the heavy chain constant region?

A

Affinity for antigen

19
Q

Molecules that promote the update of bacteria for phagocytosis are:

A

Opsonins

20
Q

What term describes the unique confirmation of the antigen that allows recognition by a corresponding antibody:

A

Epitope

21
Q

What term refers to the net negative charge surrounding red blood cells?

A

Zeta potential

22
Q

Name a lymphoid organ in which cells of the immune system can be found?

   a) thymus
 	b) bone marrow
 	c) spleen
d) all of the above
A

d) all of the above

23
Q

What are the principle receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin and the CR1 complement component, respectively?

A

IgG, C3b

24
Q

How can T cells be differentiated from B cells?

A
  • secretion of interleukin-2
  • CD2 marker
  • agglutination of sheep erythrocytes
25
Q

What is the definition of an immunoglobulin?

A

a protein molecule produced in response to an antigen

26
Q

Which IgG subclass primarily comprises antibodies to the Rh blood group system?

A

IgG1, IgG3

27
Q

IgG-coated red cells will be phagocytized by what effector cells?

A

monocytes/macrophages

28
Q

Why is EDTA not conducive to complement activation?

A

Calcium is inactivated

29
Q

All of the following are factors of antigens that affect the type and extent of immune response except:

A

genetic locus

30
Q

Which of the following are produced after exposure to genetically different nonself antigens of the same species?

A

alloantibodies

31
Q

What Rh type does a mother have to be to produce antibodies to Rh (D) from an Rh positive infant?

A

Rh negative

32
Q

In an immune response, _________ antibodes are formed before ________.

A

IgM, IgG

33
Q

All of the following techniques are methods used in the laboratory to detect blood group antigens or antibodies except:

A

ELISA

34
Q

At what temperature do IgM antibodies react?

A

22˚ C

35
Q

What does the term “zeta potential” mean?

A

the attraction of negative charges on the surface of red cells to postive charges in an ionic cloud

36
Q

What is the purpose of the antihuman globulin (AHG) test in blood banking?

A

It detects red cells coated with antibody by bridging the gap between red cells

37
Q

What function does chemically modified IgG serve?

A

Dilsulfide bonds are reduced in the hinge region of IgG, which promotes flexibility of Fab portions

38
Q

A patient with multiple myeloma exhibits rouleaux formation in an immediate spin crossmatch. What procedure is recommended to distinguish true red cell agglutination from nonspecific agglutination?

A

saline dilution

39
Q

At what age do infants begin to produce their own antibodies?

A

6 months

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