Chapter 1

Question 1

The year of the first blood transfusion?

Answer 1

1492

Question 2

What is the maximum volume of blood that can be collected from a 100lb donor, including samples for processing?

Answer 2

450-525 mL

*63 mL of anticoagulant-preservative solution to 450mL of blood

Question 3

When the RBCs are stored, there is a “shift to the left”. This means hemoglobin oxygen affinity _______, owing to an _______ in 2,3-DPG.

Answer 3

increases, decrease

Question 4

The majority of platelets transfused in the United States today are:

Answer 4

Apheresis platelets

Question 5

Which of the following anticoagulant preservatives provides a storage time 0f 35 days at 1 degrees C to 6 degrees C for units of whole blood and prepared RBC if an additive solution is not added?

Answer 5

CPDA-1

Question 6

What are the current storage time and storage temperature for platelet concentrates and apheresis platelet compounds?

Answer 6

5 days at 20 degrees C to 24 degrees C

Question 7

What is the minimum number of platelets required in a platelet concentrate prepared from whole blood by centrifugation (90% of sample units)?

Answer 7

5.5X10^10

Question 8

How often can a blood donor donate whole blood?

Answer 8

every 8 weeks

Question 9

RBC’s can be frozen for?

Answer 9

10 years

Question 10

What is the minimum number of platelets required in an aphaeresis component (90% of the sampled units?)

Answer 10

3X10^11

Question 11

Whole blood and RBC units are stored at what temperature ?

Answer 11

1-6 degrees C

Question 12

Additive solutions are approved for storage of red blood cells for how many days?

Answer 12

42 days

Question 13

One criterion used by the FDA for approval of new preservation solutions and storage containers is an average 24-hour post transfusion RBC survival of more than:

Answer 13

75%

Question 14

What is the lowest allowable pH for a platelet component at outdate?

Answer 14

6.2

Question 15

Frozen and thawed RBCs processed in an open system can be stored for how many days/hours?

Answer 15

24 hours

Question 16

What is the hemoglobin source for hemoglobin-based oxygen carries in advanced clinical testing?

Answer 16

Both bovine and human hemoglobins

Question 17

Which of the following occurs during the storage of RBC’s?

Answer 17

pH decreases

Question 18

Nucleic acid amplification testing is used to test donor blood for which of the following infectious diseases?

Answer 18

• Hep C
• HIV
• West Nile

Question 19

What is not an FDA-approved test for quality control of platelets?

Answer 19

Gram stain

Question 20

Prestorage pooled platelets can be stored for:

Answer 20

5 days

Question 21

What is the most common cause of bacterial contamination of platelet plugs?

Answer 21

Entry of skin plugs into the collection bag

Question 22

“shift to the right”?

Answer 22

• decreased pH
• increases levels of 2,3-DPG
• decreases hemoglobins affinity for the oxygen molecule
• increases O2 delivery to the tissues
• increased temp

Question 23

“shift to the left”

Answer 23

• increased pH
• decreased temp
• increased hemoglobin O2 affinity
• decrease in 2,3-DPG
• less O2 delivered to the tissues

Question 24

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for generating 90% of the ATP for the RBC?

Answer 24

Glycolysis (EMP)

Question 25

What is an integral protein?

Answer 25

Spans the entire membrane surface

Question 26

What is the RBC membrane not permeable to?

Answer 26

sodium

Question 27

Which metabolic pathway permits the buildup of 2,3-DPG?

Answer 27

Luebering-Rapoport shunt

Question 28

The rate of global synthesis is directly related to:

Answer 28

porphyrin synthesis

Question 29

What cryoprotective agent is added to the red blood cells upon freezing?

Answer 29

glycerol

Question 30

What is the major biochemical consideration in platelet storage?

Answer 30

regulation of pH

Question 31

3 washing steps in Deglycerolizing?

Answer 31

1-Initial-12% NaCl 2-second wash-1.6% NaCl 3-third wash-0.2% NaCl

Question 32

Cryoprotective Agent Glycerol: Mixed with RBCs and frozen rapidly. 1-High Concentration= 2-Initial temp= 3-Storage temp=

Answer 32

40% (w/v) - 80 degrees C - 65 degrees C

Question 33

Cryoprotective Agent Glycerol: Mixed with RBCs and frozen rapidly. 1-Low Concentration= 2-Initial temp= 3-Storage temp=

Answer 33

20% (w/v) - 196 degrees C - 120 degrees C

Question 34

``` IgG 1-structure 2-number of ag-binding sites 3-type of ab 4-optimum temp of reactivity 5-reacts in saline 6-reacts best by IAT 7-complement fixation 8-causes transfusion reactions 9-crosses placenta? 10-causes hemolytic disease of the newborn/fetus? 11-destroyed by sulfhydryl compounds ```

Answer 34

``` 1-monomer 2-2 3-immune 4-37 degrees C 5-no 6-yes 7-moderate 8-yes 9-yes 10-yes 11-no ```

Question 35

``` IgM 1-structure 2-number of ag-binding sites 3-type of ab 4-optimum temp of reactivity 5-reacts in saline 6-reacts best by IAT 7-complement fixation 8-causes transfusion reactions 9-crosses placenta? 10-causes hemolytic disease of the newborn/fetus? 11-destroyed by sulfhydryl compounds ```

Answer 35

``` 1-pentamer 2-10 3-naturally occurring 4-25 degree of C 5-yes 6-no 7-strong 8-not usually except ABO 9-No 10-no 11-yes ```

Question 36

additive that prevents pH from falling excessively

Answer 36

phosphate

Question 37

carbohydrate used as osmotic diuretic (reduces hemolysis)

Answer 37

Mannitol

Question 38

supports ATP generation by glycolytic pathways

Answer 38

dextrose

Question 39

provides substrate from which RBCs can synthesize ATP

Answer 39

Adenine

Question 40

prevents coagulation by chelating calcium

Answer 40

citrate