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Blood Bank Crystal > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The year of the first blood transfusion?

A

1492

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2
Q

What is the maximum volume of blood that can be collected from a 100lb donor, including samples for processing?

A

450-525 mL

*63 mL of anticoagulant-preservative solution to 450mL of blood

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3
Q

When the RBCs are stored, there is a “shift to the left”. This means hemoglobin oxygen affinity _______, owing to an _______ in 2,3-DPG.

A

increases, decrease

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4
Q

The majority of platelets transfused in the United States today are:

A

Apheresis platelets

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5
Q

Which of the following anticoagulant preservatives provides a storage time 0f 35 days at 1 degrees C to 6 degrees C for units of whole blood and prepared RBC if an additive solution is not added?

A

CPDA-1

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6
Q

What are the current storage time and storage temperature for platelet concentrates and apheresis platelet compounds?

A

5 days at 20 degrees C to 24 degrees C

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7
Q

What is the minimum number of platelets required in a platelet concentrate prepared from whole blood by centrifugation (90% of sample units)?

A

5.5X10^10

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8
Q

How often can a blood donor donate whole blood?

A

every 8 weeks

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9
Q

RBC’s can be frozen for?

A

10 years

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10
Q

What is the minimum number of platelets required in an aphaeresis component (90% of the sampled units?)

A

3X10^11

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11
Q

Whole blood and RBC units are stored at what temperature ?

A

1-6 degrees C

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12
Q

Additive solutions are approved for storage of red blood cells for how many days?

A

42 days

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13
Q

One criterion used by the FDA for approval of new preservation solutions and storage containers is an average 24-hour post transfusion RBC survival of more than:

A

75%

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14
Q

What is the lowest allowable pH for a platelet component at outdate?

A

6.2

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15
Q

Frozen and thawed RBCs processed in an open system can be stored for how many days/hours?

A

24 hours

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16
Q

What is the hemoglobin source for hemoglobin-based oxygen carries in advanced clinical testing?

A

Both bovine and human hemoglobins

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17
Q

Which of the following occurs during the storage of RBC’s?

A

pH decreases

18
Q

Nucleic acid amplification testing is used to test donor blood for which of the following infectious diseases?

A
  • Hep C
  • HIV
  • West Nile
19
Q

What is not an FDA-approved test for quality control of platelets?

A

Gram stain

20
Q

Prestorage pooled platelets can be stored for:

A

5 days

21
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial contamination of platelet plugs?

A

Entry of skin plugs into the collection bag

22
Q

“shift to the right”?

A
  • decreased pH
  • increases levels of 2,3-DPG
  • decreases hemoglobins affinity for the oxygen molecule
  • increases O2 delivery to the tissues
  • increased temp
23
Q

“shift to the left”

A
  • increased pH
  • decreased temp
  • increased hemoglobin O2 affinity
  • decrease in 2,3-DPG
  • less O2 delivered to the tissues
24
Q

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for generating 90% of the ATP for the RBC?

A

Glycolysis (EMP)

25
Q

What is an integral protein?

A

Spans the entire membrane surface

26
Q

What is the RBC membrane not permeable to?

A

sodium

27
Q

Which metabolic pathway permits the buildup of 2,3-DPG?

A

Luebering-Rapoport shunt

28
Q

The rate of global synthesis is directly related to:

A

porphyrin synthesis

29
Q

What cryoprotective agent is added to the red blood cells upon freezing?

A

glycerol

30
Q

What is the major biochemical consideration in platelet storage?

A

regulation of pH

31
Q

3 washing steps in Deglycerolizing?

A

1-Initial-12% NaCl
2-second wash-1.6% NaCl
3-third wash-0.2% NaCl

32
Q

Cryoprotective Agent

Glycerol: Mixed with RBCs and frozen rapidly.

1-High Concentration=
2-Initial temp=
3-Storage temp=

A

40% (w/v)

  • 80 degrees C
  • 65 degrees C
33
Q

Cryoprotective Agent

Glycerol: Mixed with RBCs and frozen rapidly.

1-Low Concentration=
2-Initial temp=
3-Storage temp=

A

20% (w/v)

  • 196 degrees C
  • 120 degrees C
34
Q 
IgG 
1-structure
2-number of ag-binding sites
3-type of ab
4-optimum temp of reactivity
5-reacts in saline
6-reacts best by IAT
7-complement fixation
8-causes transfusion reactions
9-crosses placenta?
10-causes hemolytic disease of the newborn/fetus?
11-destroyed by sulfhydryl compounds
A 
1-monomer
2-2
3-immune
4-37 degrees C
5-no
6-yes
7-moderate
8-yes
9-yes
10-yes
11-no
35
Q 
IgM
1-structure
2-number of ag-binding sites
3-type of ab
4-optimum temp of reactivity
5-reacts in saline
6-reacts best by IAT
7-complement fixation
8-causes transfusion reactions
9-crosses placenta?
10-causes hemolytic disease of the newborn/fetus?
11-destroyed by sulfhydryl compounds
A 
1-pentamer
2-10
3-naturally occurring
4-25 degree of C
5-yes
6-no
7-strong
8-not usually except ABO
9-No
10-no
11-yes
36
Q

additive that prevents pH from falling excessively

A

phosphate

37
Q

carbohydrate used as osmotic diuretic (reduces hemolysis)

A

Mannitol

38
Q

supports ATP generation by glycolytic pathways

A

dextrose

39
Q

provides substrate from which RBCs can synthesize ATP

A

Adenine

40
Q

prevents coagulation by chelating calcium

A

citrate

Blood Bank Crystal (8 decks)

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