chapter 3: drugs

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

medicine or other substance that has physiological or psychological effect when ingested or introduced into the body

Question 2

agonist

Answer 2

enhances the effect of a specificed receptor/response

Question 3

antagonist

Answer 3

blocks/reduces effect of specified receptor/response

Question 4

what determines how well a drug works?

Answer 4

1. bioavailability
2. binding affinity
3. efficacy

Question 5

bioavailiability

Answer 5

the amount of drug that is free to bind; how much is able to be “used”; closely linked to drug delivery

Question 6

drug delivery

Answer 6

ingestion, inhalation, peripheral injection, central injection

Question 7

what are 2 factors that reduce bioavailability?

Answer 7

first pass metabolism and blood brain barrier

Question 8

binding affinity

Answer 8

degree of chemical attraction between ligand and receptor; how strongly a drug binds to the receptor

Question 9

efficacy

Answer 9

ability of a bound ligand to activate the receptor

Question 10

dose-response curve

Answer 10

graph of relationship between drug doses and the effects; ED50, TD50, LD50

Question 11

therapeutic index

Answer 11

distance between ED50 and LD50

Question 12

tolerance

Answer 12

reduced response to the drug

Question 13

metabolic tolerance

Answer 13

organ systems become more effective at eliminating the drug

Question 14

functional tolerance

Answer 14

target tissue may alter its sensitivity to the drug by changing number of receptors; down-regulation and up-regulation

Question 15

cross-tolerance

Answer 15

tolerance to one drug is generalized to other drugs in its class

Question 16

psychoactive drug

Answer 16

alter mood, perception, and psychological processes

Question 17

typical antipsychotics

Answer 17

alleviate symptoms by blocking dopamine receptors

Question 18

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 18

act on receptors other than dopamine receptors and relieve symptoms resistant to typical antipsychotics

Question 19

monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

Answer 19

antidepressant; prevent breakdown of monoamines at the synapses

Question 20

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 20

act specifically at serotonergic synapses

Question 21

barbiturates

Answer 21

early anxiolytic drugs and sleep aids that depress nervous activity by binding to GABA

Question 22

benzodiazepines

Answer 22

agonists on GABA receptors and enhance its inhibitory effects

Question 23

opiates

Answer 23

primarily for pain relief, bind to opiod receptors

Question 24

stimulants

Answer 24

increase nervous system activity by increasing excitatory input or decreasing inhibitory activity (i.e. cocaine and metamphetamine)