Chapter 3 : Development of Childhood Occupations Flashcards
What theory is when movement progresses from primitive reflex patterns to voluntary controlled movements?
Neuromaturational Theory
In neuromaturational theory, low level skills are prerequisites for…..
higher level skills (ex: sit before crawl)
What theory is when performance or action patterns emerges from interaction and cooperation of many systems
Dynamic Systems Theory
Theory does not explain the ______ in development
variance
Combinations of tasks that have meaning to the child
occupations
These define a child’s role in school, home and community…..
occupations
What gives clues to have a child is learning?
play
what surrounds and supports the child?
environment
How long is gestation in prenatal development?
40 weeks
What are the 3 phases of the prenatal developmental process?
1) germinal
2) embryonic
3) fetal
What phase of prenatal development is when the ectoderm develops nails, hair, skin, sensory organs, neural tube?
Germinal phase
What connects to the embryo by umbilical cord?
placenta
low uterine attachment; near cervix, results in preterm birth and fetal distress at and before delivery
placenta previa
placenta separates from uterus - usually 3rd trimester
placenta abrupto
membrane filled with amniotic fluid, encases baby and provides sensory support and input as baby grows
amniotic sac
What phase of prenatal development is when major body systems develop?
embryonic phase
What phase of prenatal development is when possible birth defects such as cleft palate, missing limbs and blindness can occur?
embryonic phase
What phase of prenatal development is when sex organs develop, muscle develops, major organs complete formation, etc?
fetal phase
What happens when baby is moving in amniotic sac?
the baby moves against resistance which builds muscle which in turn builds bone
What months is the second trimester?
4-6 months
The age of viability is during what trimester?
2nd
What months is the third trimester?
7-9 months
During which trimester does the baby establish a pattern of sleep and wake and has increased weight gain?
3rd
What is used to assess a newborns physical condition?
Apgar Score
can result in birth defects, blindness, deafness, heart abnormalities and brain damage
rubella
caused by a parasite in uncooked meat, cat feces that can cause prenatal blindness and brain damage
toxoplasmosis
early on this disease can not cross the placenta and can be cured with prenatal care - if not, can lead to bone, liver and brain damage
syphilis
can lead to meningitis
H-flu virus
A newborn is in physiological ______ with UE adducted and flexed and LE’s flexed and pelvis high
flexion
why are newborns in constant flexion?
to protect themselves
involuntary physical response to a given stimulus
reflexes
This REFLEX is the baby’s face is turned to one side, the arm and leg on the side to which the face is turned extend and the arm and leg on the opposite side flex.
ATNR (asymmetric tonic neck reflex)
This is known as the startle REFLEX and is a response to a sudden loss of support, when the infant feels as if it is falling
MORO reflex
This REFLEX occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot. The other toes fan out.
Babinski reflex
The Babinski reflex is an indicator of efficient ______
myelination
This REFLEX is when a newborn infant will turn his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth
Rooting reflex
This REFLEX causes the child to instinctively suck anything that touches the roof of their mouth, and simulates the way a child naturally eats
Suck/swallow reflex
This REFLEX happens when stroking the palm of a baby’s hand causes the baby to close his/her fingers in a grasp
Grasping reflex
This REFLEX happens when the soles of their feet touch a flat surface they will attempt to ‘walk’ by placing one foot in front of the other
Stepping reflex
The stepping reflex is in preparation of……
voluntary motor movement
Infants are driven by _____ and then get ______
motor, sensory
(infancy) uses more visual, still has grasp reflex, may begin battling at objects in visual field
up to 3 months
(infancy) visual inspection of reach; baby brings hands to midline
4 months
(infancy) transfers objects, palmar grasp
5-6 months
(infancy) inferior pincer grasp (cheerio grasp)
9 months
at what age can the infant distinguish language?
6 months
at what age can the infant imitate sounds?
8 months
What are some physical development characteristics of 2-5 yr olds?
1) gains primary teeth
2) becomes slimmer
3) CNS - rapid development, myelination
4) bones are stronger
5) stronger abs
What are some motor skills characteristics of 2-5 yr olds?
1) walks, runs, etc
2) gains strength
3) increased balance
4) chewing, biting new textures
What are some fine motor characteristics of 2-5 yr olds?
1) finger tip grasp
2) imitation with crayon, circle, lines
3) holds spoon, fork
4) begins scissor use
What are some cognitive/language characteristics of 2-5 yr olds?
1) combines objects
2) imitates household tasks
3) egocentric
4) autonomy
5) feels shame, pride, joy, anger, empathy
What are some psychosocial characteristics of 2-5 yr olds?
1) watches others play
2) limited pretend, social play
3) parallel play
4) possessive
What are some physical development characteristics of 6-12 yr olds?
1) growth slows
2) compares themselves to others
3) lose baby teeth
What are some gross motor skill characteristics of 6-12 yr olds?
1) increased control of bodies
2) increased motor planning
3) rides bikes, swim, etc
4) make up rules as they go!
What are some fine motor characteristics of 6-12 yr olds?
1) master handwriting
2) finger games
3) begins drawing w/ good coordination
What are some cognitive characteristics of 6-12 yr olds?
1) problem solving
2) new memory skills
3) understands time and space
What are some psychosocial characteristics of 6-12 yr olds?
1) focus on school subjects
2) same sex peer group
3) less egocentric
In prenatal development, what develops when hair, nails, skin, sensory organs and neural tube develops?
Ectoderm
In prenatal development, what is it called when the digestive system, liver, pancreas and respiratory system WILL develop?
Endoderm
What are some examples of teratogenic diseases?
1) rubella
2) toxoplasmosis
3) syphilis
4) H-flu virus
5) AIDS
Newborns can focus how many inches away?
10”
What kind of pressure calms the infant?
tactile: firm pressure calms ; light pressure will alert
What is theory of mind?
theory for how most humans understand that another person has different desires and feelings (someone else has different opinions than you)
