Chapter 2 : Foundations for Occupational Therapy Practice with Children

Question 1

considered primary occupation of childhood

Answer 1

play

Question 2

What do children learn through play?

Answer 2

To adapt their environment and to develop competencies

Question 3

nature is…..

Answer 3

genetics

Question 4

nurture is….

Answer 4

environmental influences, family, school, culture

Question 5

Theories form….

Answer 5

the basis/foundation for practice

Question 6

how we are successful in daily life activities or occupations is called…..

Answer 6

occupational performance

Question 7

explaining the processes by which infants mature and gain skills to become fully functioning adults is known as…..

Answer 7

Developmental Theory

Question 8

sequential changes in function that occur with maturation of the individual or species

Answer 8

development

Question 9

focuses on stages of development

Answer 9

Longitudinal Development

Question 10

focuses on prerequisite skills needed for higher-level skills

Answer 10

Hierarchical Development:

Question 11

Play elicits more than enjoyment; it is also a catalyst for…..

Answer 11

the development of motor or cognitive skills

Question 12

The goal of an occupation-based model of practice is:

Answer 12

the child’s achievement of optimal occupational performance

Question 13

activities that require little or no planning and are often self initiated

Answer 13

informal activities

Question 14

activities with a formally designated coach or instructor (ex: music or art lessons, organized sports)

Answer 14

formal activities

Question 15

study of human beings and their relationships w/ their environments

Answer 15

human ecology

Question 16

described as the congruence between individuals and their environments

Answer 16

Environmental fit

Question 17

a quality of an object or an environ. that allows and individual to perform an action

Answer 17

affordance

Question 18

the characteristics of an individual who achieves a positive outcome in the context of risk, or factors known to be associated with negative outcomes

Answer 18

resilience

Question 19

Who is known for theory of cognitive development?

Answer 19

PIAGET

Question 20

Piaget believed the child organizes his experiences into

Answer 20

mental schemes (concepts) through mental operations

Question 21

Who had the theory of the ‘hierarchy of needs’

Answer 21

MASLOW

Question 22

basic human needs that is believed to follow a longitudinal sequence is know as what and was developed by who?

Answer 22

hierarchy of needs; MASLOW

Question 23

These needs are part of what theory and by who?

1) physiology needs: food, water, rest, air, warmth
2) need for safety
3) need for love, belonging
4) need for sense of self esteem
5) need for self-actualization (HIGHEST LEVEL)

Answer 23

hierarchy of needs; MASLOW

Question 24

Who developed behaviorism?

Answer 24

SKINNER

Question 25

Behavior (by Skinner) is a result of:

Answer 25

the environmental control of the individual, culture and species

Question 26

A play environment is created to stimulates the young child’s interest and curiosity is called….

Answer 26

incidental teaching (by Skinner)

Question 27

Teaching children a set of pivotal behaviors central to learning is called….

Answer 27

pivotal response training (by Skinner)

Question 28

learning that occurs in a social context

Answer 28

Social Cognitive Theories

Question 29

What model focuses on facilitating change in the person, occupation and/or environment?

Answer 29

Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO)

Question 30

a unique being who, across time and space, participates in a variety of roles important to him/her

Answer 30

Person

Question 31

cultural, socioeconomic, institutional, physical, and social factors outside a person that affect his/her experiences

Answer 31

Environment

Question 32

any self directed, functional task or activity in which a person engages in over the lifespan

Answer 32

Occupation

Question 33

Who developed sensory integration?

Answer 33

Jean Ayres

Question 34

In order to learn the brain needs to be able to filter, organize and integrated sensory information effectively is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?

Answer 34

sensory integration ; Jean Ayres

Question 35

Based on concepts of neural functioning- ability to organize and compare sensory information to be used to formulate an anticipated motor response…..is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?

Answer 35

sensory integration ; Jean Ayres

Question 36

Who was known for developmental approaches?

Answer 36

Lela Llorens

Question 37

Holistic view of growth and development through the lifespan and growth and development occurs simultaneously and chronologically is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?

Answer 37

Developmental Theory ; Lela Llorens

Question 38

normal postural reactions are necessary for normal movement and these postural reactions are for the most part automatic is part of what theory?

Answer 38

Neurodevelopmental (KAREL and BERTHA BOBATH)

Question 39

Who is responsible for PLAY theory?

Answer 39

Mary Reilly

Question 40

is a set of facts concepts and assumptions that are used to describe explain or predict phenomena

Answer 40

theory

Question 41

______ forms the foundations for models of practice or Frames of Reference (FOR) that guide service delivery

Answer 41

theory

Question 42

What form the Frames of reference for practice?

Answer 42

theories

Question 43

what approach includes enhancing the quality of the individuals motor performance to teach new movement skills?

Answer 43

neurodevelopmental approach