Chapter 2 : Foundations for Occupational Therapy Practice with Children Flashcards

1
Q

considered primary occupation of childhood

A

play

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2
Q

What do children learn through play?

A

To adapt their environment and to develop competencies

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3
Q

nature is…..

A

genetics

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4
Q

nurture is….

A

environmental influences, family, school, culture

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5
Q

Theories form….

A

the basis/foundation for practice

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6
Q

how we are successful in daily life activities or occupations is called…..

A

occupational performance

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7
Q

explaining the processes by which infants mature and gain skills to become fully functioning adults is known as…..

A

Developmental Theory

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8
Q

sequential changes in function that occur with maturation of the individual or species

A

development

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9
Q

focuses on stages of development

A

Longitudinal Development

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10
Q

focuses on prerequisite skills needed for higher-level skills

A

Hierarchical Development:

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11
Q

Play elicits more than enjoyment; it is also a catalyst for…..

A

the development of motor or cognitive skills

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12
Q

The goal of an occupation-based model of practice is:

A

the child’s achievement of optimal occupational performance

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13
Q

activities that require little or no planning and are often self initiated

A

informal activities

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14
Q

activities with a formally designated coach or instructor (ex: music or art lessons, organized sports)

A

formal activities

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15
Q

study of human beings and their relationships w/ their environments

A

human ecology

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16
Q

described as the congruence between individuals and their environments

A

Environmental fit

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17
Q

a quality of an object or an environ. that allows and individual to perform an action

A

affordance

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18
Q

the characteristics of an individual who achieves a positive outcome in the context of risk, or factors known to be associated with negative outcomes

A

resilience

19
Q

Who is known for theory of cognitive development?

20
Q

Piaget believed the child organizes his experiences into

A

mental schemes (concepts) through mental operations

21
Q

Who had the theory of the ‘hierarchy of needs’

22
Q

basic human needs that is believed to follow a longitudinal sequence is know as what and was developed by who?

A

hierarchy of needs; MASLOW

23
Q

These needs are part of what theory and by who?

1) physiology needs: food, water, rest, air, warmth
2) need for safety
3) need for love, belonging
4) need for sense of self esteem
5) need for self-actualization (HIGHEST LEVEL)

A

hierarchy of needs; MASLOW

24
Q

Who developed behaviorism?

25
Behavior (by Skinner) is a result of:
the environmental control of the individual, culture and species
26
A play environment is created to stimulates the young child’s interest and curiosity is called….
incidental teaching (by Skinner)
27
Teaching children a set of pivotal behaviors central to learning is called….
pivotal response training (by Skinner)
28
learning that occurs in a social context
Social Cognitive Theories
29
What model focuses on facilitating change in the person, occupation and/or environment?
Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO)
30
a unique being who, across time and space, participates in a variety of roles important to him/her
Person
31
cultural, socioeconomic, institutional, physical, and social factors outside a person that affect his/her experiences
Environment
32
any self directed, functional task or activity in which a person engages in over the lifespan
Occupation
33
Who developed sensory integration?
Jean Ayres
34
In order to learn the brain needs to be able to filter, organize and integrated sensory information effectively is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?
sensory integration ; Jean Ayres
35
Based on concepts of neural functioning- ability to organize and compare sensory information to be used to formulate an anticipated motor response.....is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?
sensory integration ; Jean Ayres
36
Who was known for developmental approaches?
Lela Llorens
37
Holistic view of growth and development through the lifespan and growth and development occurs simultaneously and chronologically is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?
Developmental Theory ; Lela Llorens
38
normal postural reactions are necessary for normal movement and these postural reactions are for the most part automatic is part of what theory?
Neurodevelopmental (KAREL and BERTHA BOBATH)
39
Who is responsible for PLAY theory?
Mary Reilly
40
is a set of facts concepts and assumptions that are used to describe explain or predict phenomena
theory
41
______ forms the foundations for models of practice or Frames of Reference (FOR) that guide service delivery
theory
42
What form the Frames of reference for practice?
theories
43
what approach includes enhancing the quality of the individuals motor performance to teach new movement skills?
neurodevelopmental approach