Chapter 2 : Foundations for Occupational Therapy Practice with Children Flashcards
considered primary occupation of childhood
play
What do children learn through play?
To adapt their environment and to develop competencies
nature is…..
genetics
nurture is….
environmental influences, family, school, culture
Theories form….
the basis/foundation for practice
how we are successful in daily life activities or occupations is called…..
occupational performance
explaining the processes by which infants mature and gain skills to become fully functioning adults is known as…..
Developmental Theory
sequential changes in function that occur with maturation of the individual or species
development
focuses on stages of development
Longitudinal Development
focuses on prerequisite skills needed for higher-level skills
Hierarchical Development:
Play elicits more than enjoyment; it is also a catalyst for…..
the development of motor or cognitive skills
The goal of an occupation-based model of practice is:
the child’s achievement of optimal occupational performance
activities that require little or no planning and are often self initiated
informal activities
activities with a formally designated coach or instructor (ex: music or art lessons, organized sports)
formal activities
study of human beings and their relationships w/ their environments
human ecology
described as the congruence between individuals and their environments
Environmental fit
a quality of an object or an environ. that allows and individual to perform an action
affordance
the characteristics of an individual who achieves a positive outcome in the context of risk, or factors known to be associated with negative outcomes
resilience
Who is known for theory of cognitive development?
PIAGET
Piaget believed the child organizes his experiences into
mental schemes (concepts) through mental operations
Who had the theory of the ‘hierarchy of needs’
MASLOW
basic human needs that is believed to follow a longitudinal sequence is know as what and was developed by who?
hierarchy of needs; MASLOW
These needs are part of what theory and by who?
1) physiology needs: food, water, rest, air, warmth
2) need for safety
3) need for love, belonging
4) need for sense of self esteem
5) need for self-actualization (HIGHEST LEVEL)
hierarchy of needs; MASLOW
Who developed behaviorism?
SKINNER
Behavior (by Skinner) is a result of:
the environmental control of the individual, culture and species
A play environment is created to stimulates the young child’s interest and curiosity is called….
incidental teaching (by Skinner)
Teaching children a set of pivotal behaviors central to learning is called….
pivotal response training (by Skinner)
learning that occurs in a social context
Social Cognitive Theories
What model focuses on facilitating change in the person, occupation and/or environment?
Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO)
a unique being who, across time and space, participates in a variety of roles important to him/her
Person
cultural, socioeconomic, institutional, physical, and social factors outside a person that affect his/her experiences
Environment
any self directed, functional task or activity in which a person engages in over the lifespan
Occupation
Who developed sensory integration?
Jean Ayres
In order to learn the brain needs to be able to filter, organize and integrated sensory information effectively is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?
sensory integration ; Jean Ayres
Based on concepts of neural functioning- ability to organize and compare sensory information to be used to formulate an anticipated motor response…..is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?
sensory integration ; Jean Ayres
Who was known for developmental approaches?
Lela Llorens
Holistic view of growth and development through the lifespan and growth and development occurs simultaneously and chronologically is part of WHAT theory and by WHO?
Developmental Theory ; Lela Llorens
normal postural reactions are necessary for normal movement and these postural reactions are for the most part automatic is part of what theory?
Neurodevelopmental (KAREL and BERTHA BOBATH)
Who is responsible for PLAY theory?
Mary Reilly
is a set of facts concepts and assumptions that are used to describe explain or predict phenomena
theory
______ forms the foundations for models of practice or Frames of Reference (FOR) that guide service delivery
theory
What form the Frames of reference for practice?
theories
what approach includes enhancing the quality of the individuals motor performance to teach new movement skills?
neurodevelopmental approach
