Chapter 3 Culture Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Culture

A

Symbols, language, norms, beliefs, values and artifacts that are part of a society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Culture and society are always [___].

A

[…changing]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Our reactions are [___] induced.

A

[…culturally]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sociologists note that biological explanations have been used historically to oppress groups

A

Sterilization; Mass violence; Genocide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Material culture, or artifacts

A

A society’s physical objects, like tools, clothing, utensils and transportation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nonmaterial culture

A

Includes the intangible aspects of culture associated with the ways we think, communicate and act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symbols

A

Things that stand for something else and that evoke reactions and emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

It is argued that language shapes how we think and perceive the social and physical worlds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sexist and racist language, which shape how people perceive one another and serve to reinforce the existing unequal social structure.

A

Policeman-Police officer; Mankind-Humankind; Man made-Artificial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beliefs

A

Ideas or convictions that people hold to be true, and are typically rooted in science, mythology, folklore or religion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Values

A

Judgments of what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable, and are critical for transmitting and teaching the beliefs of a culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cultural values shape the norms of society

A

In Japan, lawsuits happen infrequently, due to the value of group harmony; U.S. cultural values emphasized include individualism and the work ethic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Norms

A

Standards and expectations for behaving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Informal norms, or folkways

A

Standards of behavior that are considered less important but still influence how we behave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Formal norms, like mores (derived from the moral code) and laws (derived from the legal code)

A

Refer to the standards of behavior considered the most important in any society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ideal culture

A

Desired cultural traits of a society.

17
Q

Real culture

A

True outcome of cultural thought and practice.

18
Q

Ideal-Real culture example

A

In the U.S., monogamy is idealized, but in practice, infidelity is common.

19
Q

Preindustrial societies

A

Have limited artifacts compared to the conspicuous consumption found in industrial and post-industrial societies.

20
Q

Cultural systems associated with forms of society.

A

Post-industrial societies are typically democratically governed, while agrarian societies tend to be ruled by monarchs or dictators.

21
Q

Ogburn’s theory

A

Ogburn discussed that societies and their cultures change due to discoveries, inventions or the diffusion of one of these across societal boundaries.

22
Q

Discoveries

A

Occur when something completely new is observed or found, like germ theory.

23
Q

Inventions

A

When something new is created from things that already exist, like smartphone.

24
Q

The [___] across societal boundary lines is another source of social change.

A

[…cultural diffusion]

25
Q

Cultural lag

A

Reflects the fact of behavioral norms that have not yet adapted to new technological innovations.

26
Q

Cultural leveling

A

Results from social change brought by cultural diffusion, particularly in the globalized environment.

27
Q

Cultural diversity

A

Can bring about different reactions, like cultural relativism or ethnocentrism.

28
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Refers to the belief that we should not judge any culture as superior or inferior to another culture.

29
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Refers to the tendency to judge another culture by the standards of our own and to the belief that our own culture is indeed superior to another culture.

30
Q

Culture shock is the uncomfortable feeling we experience when exposed to and immersed in unfamiliar cultures.

A
31
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture

32
Q

Human rights

A

Universal and provide a standard for the protection and dignity of individuals regardless of cultural context

33
Q

Things might be looked at ethnocentrically by people from other societies

A

Capital punishment; Use of nursing homes; Proliferation of guns.