Chapter 3 - Cells & The Microscope Flashcards
What are all living things made up of?
Cells
What is a cell?
Cells are the tiny organisms that everything’s is made up of.
What are the parts of an animal cell?
Cell membrane, nucleus and the cytoplasm.
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
A cell wall, large vacuoles and chloroplasts.
What is the instrument that is used to view cells?
A microscope.
Name the pieces of the microscope and explain what their function is.
Eyepiece lens: magnifies the object (x10)
Nosepiece: holds objective lens
Objective lens: magnifies the object (x4, x10, x40)
Coarse focus wheel: roughly focuses object
Fine focus wheel: precisely focuses object
Stage: holds slide
Mirror/light source: source of light
What two different stains are used to view cells easier?
Iodine for plant cells,
Methylene blue for animal cells.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells with the same function. (eg. muscle tissue)
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together. (eg. heart)
What is a system?
A group of organs working together.(eg. circulatory system, heart & blood vessels)
How do organisms grow?
Their cells divide.
Name 1 plant and 1 animal tissue.
Growth tissue and muscle tissue
Name 1 animal and 1 plant organ
Brain and stem
Name 1 animal and 1 plant system.
Digestive system and shoot system.
Why are cells different shapes and sizes?
They have different jobs to do.
Describe the parts of an animal cell.
Cell membrane: a skin around the cell that protects it controls what goes in and out of it.
Cytoplasm: a watery substance that contains proteins and sugars. Other structures can be found suspended in it. Chemical reactions necessary for life take place here.
Nucleus: where the cells DNA is. It controls the type of chemicals that the cell will make and its involved in how the cells will divide.
Describe the part of the plant cell that animal cells don’t have:
Cell wall: give the cell structure and support.
Chloroplast(depends): the green dye that is used to make food.
Vacuoles: spaces in the cytoplasm which store things and give support.
Explain how to gather and prepare a slide of onion skin.
- Cut a small piece of onion and using a tweezers, peel a thin layer of skin of the onion.
- Gently place the onion skin of the glass slide.
- Put a drop or two of iodine onto the skin.
- Place a cover slip onto the onion skin, being careful not to make any air bubbles.
- Hold the slide in place in the stage using the clips.
- View the slide through the eyepiece lens in the lowest objective lens.
