Chapter 3 - Cells & The Microscope

Question 0

What are all living things made up of?

Answer 0

Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

Cells are the tiny organisms that everything’s is made up of.

Question 2

What are the parts of an animal cell?

Answer 2

Cell membrane, nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Question 3

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 3

A cell wall, large vacuoles and chloroplasts.

Question 4

What is the instrument that is used to view cells?

Answer 4

A microscope.

Question 5

Name the pieces of the microscope and explain what their function is.

Answer 5

Eyepiece lens: magnifies the object (x10)
Nosepiece: holds objective lens
Objective lens: magnifies the object (x4, x10, x40)
Coarse focus wheel: roughly focuses object
Fine focus wheel: precisely focuses object
Stage: holds slide
Mirror/light source: source of light

Question 6

What two different stains are used to view cells easier?

Answer 6

Iodine for plant cells,

Methylene blue for animal cells.

Question 7

What is a tissue?

Answer 7

A group of similar cells with the same function. (eg. muscle tissue)

Question 8

What is an organ?

Answer 8

A group of tissues working together. (eg. heart)

Question 9

What is a system?

Answer 9

A group of organs working together.(eg. circulatory system, heart & blood vessels)

Question 10

How do organisms grow?

Answer 10

Their cells divide.

Question 11

Name 1 plant and 1 animal tissue.

Answer 11

Growth tissue and muscle tissue

Question 12

Name 1 animal and 1 plant organ

Answer 12

Brain and stem

Question 13

Name 1 animal and 1 plant system.

Answer 13

Digestive system and shoot system.

Question 14

Why are cells different shapes and sizes?

Answer 14

They have different jobs to do.

Question 15

Describe the parts of an animal cell.

Answer 15

Cell membrane: a skin around the cell that protects it controls what goes in and out of it.
Cytoplasm: a watery substance that contains proteins and sugars. Other structures can be found suspended in it. Chemical reactions necessary for life take place here.
Nucleus: where the cells DNA is. It controls the type of chemicals that the cell will make and its involved in how the cells will divide.

Question 16

Describe the part of the plant cell that animal cells don’t have:

Answer 16

Cell wall: give the cell structure and support.
Chloroplast(depends): the green dye that is used to make food.
Vacuoles: spaces in the cytoplasm which store things and give support.

Question 17

Explain how to gather and prepare a slide of onion skin.

Answer 17

1. Cut a small piece of onion and using a tweezers, peel a thin layer of skin of the onion.
2. Gently place the onion skin of the glass slide.
3. Put a drop or two of iodine onto the skin.
4. Place a cover slip onto the onion skin, being careful not to make any air bubbles.
5. Hold the slide in place in the stage using the clips.
6. View the slide through the eyepiece lens in the lowest objective lens.