Chapter 3 - Cells and Organs

Question 1

what is the purpose of primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 1

Enable stem cells to mature to functional immune cells

Question 2

what is the function of secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 2

they provide the necessary environment to allow the different cells types to interact

Where mature lymphocytes interact with antigens

Question 3

What are some primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 3

thymus, bone marrow

Question 4

what are some secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 4

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsil, lympathic ducts, gut associated lymphoid tussue (GALT Peyer’s patches)

Question 5

when blood is centrifuged what do we get?

Answer 5

Blood - Plasma and formed elements

Plasma - prteins, water, solutes

Formed elements - RBC

Layer ebtween the plasma and the formed elemnts has - WBC and platelets

Question 6

where are antibodies found in centrifuged blood?

Answer 6

Plasma - proteins

Question 7

what is plasma?

Answer 7

blood minus cells (RBC, WBC, Platelets)

Question 8

what is serum

Answer 8

plasma minus clotting elements (fibrinogen)

Question 9

Explain how cells of the immune system develop from precursor cells.

Answer 9

hematopoetic cells differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid cells

Lymphoid progenitor cells then produce dendritic ceels and B cell progenitor and T cell progenator. Whihc then develop into T helper and T killer cells, and the B cell progenitor develops into a B cell

also from lymphoid cells we can get innate lymphoid cells (ILC)

alternatively myeloid progenitor can form dednritic cells whihc then form macrophages and moncytes we can get eiosophils progenitors (eisophils), basophils progenitos (basophils), granulocyte and monocyte progenitors to give neutrophils. Also we can get mast cells

Question 10

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 10

WBC

Question 11

How are new immune cells generated?

Answer 11

They are generated using hematopoiesis in the bone marrow

they are self - renewing and can differentiate into diverse cell types

Question 12

How do we detect different combinations of proteins?

Answer 12

with flow cytometry

Question 13

What are the granulocytes?

Answer 13

Neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells

Question 14

whihc is not phagocytic?

Answer 14

Basophils

Question 15

what are some professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPC)?

Answer 15

b ceels
macrophages
dednritc

Question 16

What are some specilaized macrophages?

Answer 16

osteoclasts(bone)
microglial cells(CNS)
alveolar macrophages (lung)
Kupffer cells (liver)

Question 17

Are immature dendritic cells phagocytic?

Answer 17

yes they are

Question 18

what are follicular dendritic cells key for?

Answer 18

B cell activation and matruation

Question 19

what does the Lymphoid lineage produce?

Answer 19

B cells
T cells
ILC (ILC1, 2,3, LTi)
and lymphoid derived dendritic cells

Question 20

what do b cells and t cells do?

Answer 20

B cells - produce antibodies and act as pAPC
T cells - interact with immune cells (APCs) or target cells

Question 21

What does the T helper cell do

Answer 21

interacts with the APC and secretes proetins telling us what to do

Question 22

what does the T cytotoxic cell

Answer 22

binds directly to the virus infected cell and kills it

Question 23

how do B and T cells interact with their environment?

Answer 23

Through antigen-specific cell surface receptors

B cell receptor - antibodies on cell surface and when activated same antibody is secreted

T cell receptor - interacts with peptide in combination with MHC

Question 24

What do T helper cells interact with

Answer 24

they recognize the ag presented by MHC via TCR but co-recpetorss regulate the APC that they interact with

CD4+ - MCH class II