Chapter 3 - Cells and Organs Flashcards
what is the purpose of primary lymphoid organs?
Enable stem cells to mature to functional immune cells
what is the function of secondary lymphoid organs?
they provide the necessary environment to allow the different cells types to interact
Where mature lymphocytes interact with antigens
What are some primary lymphoid organs?
thymus, bone marrow
what are some secondary lymphoid organs?
spleen, lymph nodes, tonsil, lympathic ducts, gut associated lymphoid tussue (GALT Peyer’s patches)
when blood is centrifuged what do we get?
Blood - Plasma and formed elements
Plasma - prteins, water, solutes
Formed elements - RBC
Layer ebtween the plasma and the formed elemnts has - WBC and platelets
where are antibodies found in centrifuged blood?
Plasma - proteins
what is plasma?
blood minus cells (RBC, WBC, Platelets)
what is serum
plasma minus clotting elements (fibrinogen)
Explain how cells of the immune system develop from precursor cells.
hematopoetic cells differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid cells
Lymphoid progenitor cells then produce dendritic ceels and B cell progenitor and T cell progenator. Whihc then develop into T helper and T killer cells, and the B cell progenitor develops into a B cell
also from lymphoid cells we can get innate lymphoid cells (ILC)
alternatively myeloid progenitor can form dednritic cells whihc then form macrophages and moncytes we can get eiosophils progenitors (eisophils), basophils progenitos (basophils), granulocyte and monocyte progenitors to give neutrophils. Also we can get mast cells
What are lymphocytes?
WBC
How are new immune cells generated?
They are generated using hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
they are self - renewing and can differentiate into diverse cell types
How do we detect different combinations of proteins?
with flow cytometry
What are the granulocytes?
Neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells
whihc is not phagocytic?
Basophils
what are some professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPC)?
b ceels
macrophages
dednritc
What are some specilaized macrophages?
osteoclasts(bone)
microglial cells(CNS)
alveolar macrophages (lung)
Kupffer cells (liver)
Are immature dendritic cells phagocytic?
yes they are
what are follicular dendritic cells key for?
B cell activation and matruation
what does the Lymphoid lineage produce?
B cells
T cells
ILC (ILC1, 2,3, LTi)
and lymphoid derived dendritic cells
what do b cells and t cells do?
B cells - produce antibodies and act as pAPC
T cells - interact with immune cells (APCs) or target cells
What does the T helper cell do
interacts with the APC and secretes proetins telling us what to do
what does the T cytotoxic cell
binds directly to the virus infected cell and kills it
how do B and T cells interact with their environment?
Through antigen-specific cell surface receptors
B cell receptor - antibodies on cell surface and when activated same antibody is secreted
T cell receptor - interacts with peptide in combination with MHC
What do T helper cells interact with
they recognize the ag presented by MHC via TCR but co-recpetorss regulate the APC that they interact with
CD4+ - MCH class II
