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Socials 11 > Chapter 3 Canada & the Twenties > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Canada & the Twenties Flashcards

1
Q

Soldiers retourned to Canada after the war (1918) to find what?

A
  • no steady pensions for vetrerans
  • no medical service for the wounded
  • few jobs
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2
Q

what happened after the war? (genera;)

A

cost of goods soared,

workers suffered, could barely make ends meet

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3
Q

what did workers demand for?

and what did it result in?

A

demand: higher wages, better conditions, the right to join unions
resulted in strikes

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4
Q

labour wars

A
  • over 4 yrs
  • union and steel corporation confronted each other
  • strikes turned violent, police (federal) were called in
  • mainly in the maritimes
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5
Q

What happened at the Western Labour Conference in 1919

A

union leaders formed One Big Union (OUB) to try and help workers establish more control of industry and gov through peacful means
- organized a general strike

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6
Q

general strike

A

a walkout by all employed workers

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7
Q

Citizen’s comittee of one thousand

A

a group that saw union leaders as a communist conspiracy to overthow the gov

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8
Q

What came out of the strike? Reprocutions

A

Immigration act amended to deport foreign union leaders

-strike leaders arrested

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9
Q

what came out of the strike? and how long did it last?

A

lasted 43 days
distrust and devisions between working class and businiesses grew deeper
- many workers fired, others hired on the conditon they coudn’t join a union
- gradually what they fought for was achieved

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10
Q

regionalism

A

the concern of the various regions of the country with their own local problems

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11
Q

Name 2 regional challenges

A
  • maritimes,people switched to oil (from coal), didnt have oil in their area (lots of coal), didnt have many in parliment to promote policies to benifit them
  • farmers on the praries and ontario, frustrated with National Policy - tariffs placed on goods imported to canada, not such tariffs for agriculture products
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12
Q

What was created/happened because of the farmers regional challenge?

A

they came together to from the United Farmers’ Party and they formed gov in some parts of the country

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13
Q

1921 federal election new people and parties and results

A
  • United Farmers’ Party
  • King (chosen to lead the Liberals)
  • Meighen (chosen to replace Borden as leader of the conservatives)

Liberals won a minority gov

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14
Q

minority gov

A

the governing party needs some of the opposition members to pass legislation

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15
Q

about King

about Meighen

A

KING: reformer, authority on social and economic issues, continued to push for Canada’s independance
MEIGHEN: debater, long-standing member of parliment

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16
Q

KING VS MEIGHEN - relationship and differences

A

relationship: despised each other personnally
differences: king was conciliatory, seeking middle path to offend least amount of people
meighen believed in principles over compromise, didnt care if people were offended by his stand on issues

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17
Q

King - Byng Crisis

A
  • liberals held a minority gov
  • liberals lost the support of the Progressive party
  • King asked Byng (GG) to call election
  • Byng refused but eventually did call and election
  • King won again
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18
Q

Balfour Report

A
  • Imperial Conference of 1926
  • Canada made a lot of progress towards changing out legal dependence on Britain
  • requested formal recognition of their autonomy
  • a respected british politician examined this request; findings published in balfour report
  • he supported our position
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19
Q

autonomy

A

freedom go govern themeselves

20
Q

How did Canada become a British Commonwealth

A
  • the recommandations of the Balfour report became law in 1931 when statue of westminster was by british empire
  • statue official turned british empire into british commonwealth
21
Q

Benifits and restrictions of being part of the british commonwealth

A
  • Canada (a country) had equal status to others ex. Britain
  • entitled to make their own laws
    2 restrictions:
  • Canada’s constitution (the BNA) had to remain in Britain (the Can. Fed Gov. and provincial Gov. coundn’t agree on a amending formula
  • judicial court of appeal for Canada resided in Britain until 1949
22
Q

amending formula

A

the procedure for changing the act

23
Q

By the middle of the 20’s what were some of Canada’s major imports?

A

wheat, pulp and paper (trees), lead, zinc, copper, silver,

24
Q

The USA invests in Canada’s economy

A
  • US companies invested in pulp and paper mills and mines across Canada which were then exported to the US
  • Rather than lend $ to Canada they set up branch plants
  • by the end of the 20’s canadian auto industry hd been taken over by by 3 US companies (Ford, Chrysler, General Motors)
25
branch plants
businiesss owned and controlled by companies in the US but operated in Canada
26
Bootlegging across the border
Canada exported ILLEGAL ALCOHOL to US in large quantites - during WW I banned the manufacture and sales of alcoholic beverages in Canada - alcohol was still avaliable for those with $ - 1921 provincial gov decided to regulate sales of alcohol instead of banning it - in the US it was still banned and so Canada supplied the US with illegal liquor - smuggling was a part of everyday life, but was very profitable although many got caught during this adventure
27
plebiscites
votes on a public issue
28
who lived in the city
the poor and working class | it was undesirable because that's where the industry was located
29
The role of woman | roles, single, married
- high hopes, reality didnt meet expectations - gov. (fed & prov) remained male dominated - women's role was wives and mothers - married woman expected to take care of house - single women; limited opportunties ex nurse, teacher, secretary, sales clerks
30
The Persons Case
1929 - Emily Murphy appointed as a magistrate in AB - appointment challenged bc only "persons" could hold this office under the BNA act - women not considerd "persons" under the law - Supreme Court of Alberta agreed wtih her, took it to King to clarify definition of "persons" - Supreme Court of Canada declared women not "persons" under the constitution - Murphy w/ the Famous Five appealed to the Judicial committee of the privy council in britain and won support
31
New prosperity
- people had enough money to buy things like cars and radios - people were happy and dancing - american tourists came up ( increasing tourism) - tourists influenced syle - flapper style
32
Increased mobility - cars
- invention of the assembly line ment cars could be mass produced quickly - most popular model: model T ford - better roads led to US because of rocky mountain barrior - BC changed from driving on left (brits) to the right (US)
33
Increased mobility - flying/aviation
- many veteran pilots became bush pilots (who flew geoglists to remote areas) - daring mission to deliver medicne to a outbreak in Alberta, had lots of engine trouble - made it - helped RCMP in a epic manhunt for Albert Johnson
34
improved communications - telephone - radio - movies
- 20's telephone's were standard amoung houses - telephone lines were shared by many neighbours, eavesdropping became entertainment - wisespread radio use broke down some isolation - radio also used for entertainment - small canadian stations couldn't compete with giant US stations - at first movies were silent w. live music, then came the "talkies" - Canadian films counldn't compete with US ones - Hollywood took over, many actors,writers left for LA
35
Group of Seven
a group of Canadian artists that sought new ways to interpret Canada's landscape - critizied in early years, gained wide acceptance by the end of the 20's
36
Emily Carr
- lived in Victoria, most famous painter on pacific coast - painted scenes of aborigional and west coast forests - moved and inspired by the Group of 7's pieces
37
Sports
- Baseball became important to canadians (radio) - pro boxing, rugby, curling, golf also important - hockey (duh) - we did very well at the olympics (hockey teams, ethel catherwood - high jump, charles gorman - speed skating records)
38
aboriginals + discrimination
- saw little of the good life during 20's - classified as not "persons" under the law - in BC counldn't vote ill 1949, federally 1960 - poor social and economic conditions - RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS - banned potlathces; seen as obstacle to assimilati. - land claims/ aboriginal title - cut - off lands
39
aboriginal title/ land claims
in BC large amounts of land had been signed off to the gov - aboriginals had reserves - land was being CUT OFF without contsent from the aboriginal bands involved
40
cut-off lands
- aboriginals wanted their claims to land recongnized by fed gov - fed gov changed the Indian Act so that aboriginal consent wasnt needed to transfer land - Department of Indian Affairs defended gov saying that money spent on aboriginal people had compensated them for land lost
41
African - canadians: undisguised racism
- their entry to Canada had been discouraged - blatant discrimination - seperate schools for "blacks" and "europeans" - racial segregation: ex in theatres tolerance: Edmonton City Concil - refused to support african-canadians being banned from parks and pools
42
immigrants
- immigrants from russia & eastern europe often accused of being socialist revolutionaries - immigrations restrictions put in place; gave prefe. to applicants from Britain - many didnt want immigrants because they would work longer hours, lower pay than Canadians - Severe restrictions of asian immigrants (virtually excluded them except for servants) - when economy improved, gov relaxed restrictions - many new immigrants living in city slums
43
stock market crash
tuesday october 29, 1929 the NYE collapsed | - caused a shift from prosperity to a depression
44
What are the four dominions of the British Empire
New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, Canada
45
How was the British commonwealth different from the British empire
British empire was entire land mass of England | British commonwealth were the colonies apart of it

Socials 11 (15 decks)

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