Chapter 3 Behavioral Analysis

Question 1

Group experimental designs evaluate if the behavior of a treatment group (IV _____) is statistically significantly different from that of a control group (IV _____). If so the difference is attributed to the IV.

Answer 1

On, Off

Question 2

Four weaknesses of group experimental designs.

Answer 2

1. No one wants to be in the control group.
2. By focusing on the group we are not focused on the experience of the individual.
3. The behavior of the treatment and control groups will vary because the people assigned to the groups are different.
4. They rely on inferential statistics to evaluate if the IV changed behavior.

Question 3

________-_______ experimental designs expose individuals to baseline (IV OFF) and experimental (IV ON) phases to determine if the IV systematically and reliably changes behavior.

Answer 3

Single-subject

Question 4

When an experiment provides clear evidence that a functional relation exists between the independent variable and behavior change, the experiment has ____ ______.

Answer 4

Internal validity

Question 5

Confounds

Answer 5

Variables that influence a behavior in an experiment but are not controlled by the researcher.

Question 6

Four types of single subject experiment designs

Answer 6

1. Comparison (AB): it arranges a baseline (IV off) and an experimental (IV ON)
2. Reversal Design (ABA): the individuals behavior is evaluated repeatedly alternating baseline and experimental phases
3. Alternating Treatments design: is a variation on the reversal design where IV is turned on and off rapidly to evaluate if this is systematically (predictably?) and repeatedly changing behavior
4. Multiple baseline design: evaluates the functional relation between an independent variable and behavior by conducting a series of time-staggered AB comparisons either across: behaviors/situations/individuals

Question 7

When the time staggered AB replications are conducted across behaviors, the design is called a ______-_______ ________-________ design.

Answer 7

multiple-baseline across-behaviors design.

Question 8

In _________ experimental designs, the focus is on the behavior of the group, not the individual.

Answer 8

Group

Question 9

In group experimental designs, inferential __________ are used to decide if behavior change when the independent variable was manipulated.

Answer 9

Statistics

Question 10

In a ______-_______ experiemental design, the focus is on the behavior of the individual, not the group.

Answer 10

Single-subject

Question 11

When an experiment demonstrates that behavior changed because the independent variable was turned on and off, that experiment has high _______ ________.

Answer 11

Internal validity

Question 12

If another variable changed when the independent variable was manipulated, that other variable could explain why behavior changed. That other variable is referred to as a ___________.

Answer 12

Confound

Question 13

Good experiments are those that can rule out confounds. These experiments have high ______ ________.

Answer 13

Internal validity

Question 14

When confounds cannot be ruled out, the experiment has _______ internal validity.

Answer 14

Low

Question 15

In the _________ design, behavior is compared between a baseline and a single intervention phase.

Answer 15

comparison or AB

Question 16

Comparison designs are often referred to as quasi-experimental designs because they do not rule out _________ by repeatedly demonstrating that the IV has a systemic effect to behavior.

Answer 16

Confounds

Question 17

In the graph to the right, there is a systematic increasing __________ in behavior during the baseline phase.

Answer 17

Trend

Question 18

In single-subject experimental design, it is always true that every individual will experience the _______ and experimental phases.

Answer 18

Baseline

Question 19

In single-subject experimental design, internal validity is assessed through _________.

Answer 19

Replication

Question 20

The _______-_______ design is used either when it would be unethical to turn off the IV or when the IV is anticipated to produce lasting effects.

Answer 20

Single-subject

Question 21

Two of the single-subject experimental designs establish internal validity by turning ON and then OFF the IV. The first of these is the _________ design, the second is ______-_______.

Answer 21

Reversal, alternating-treatments

Question 22

In a _______-_______ design, the effects of the IV may be replicated across behaviors, situations, or individuals.

Answer 22

Multiple baseline