Chapter 2

Question 1

________ are things that are not the same each time.

Answer 1

Variables

Question 2

When a functional variable is changed, it systematically influences _________.

Answer 2

Behavior

Question 3

_______ does not imply causation.

Answer 3

Correlation

Question 4

A publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way is the definition of an ________ _________.

Answer 4

Independent variable

Question 5

The three components of a behavioral experiment are the _________ variable is behavior. The experiment is designed to evaluate a _________ hypothesis, and this hypothesis is evaluated by manipulating the _________ variable.

Answer 5

dependent, falsifiable, independent

Question 6

In behavioral analysis, the dependent variable is always __________.

Answer 6

Behavior

Question 7

In behavior analysis, what is the objectively measured target behavior?

Answer 7

Dependent variable

Question 8

What is a self-report?

Answer 8

When an individual is asked to recall if they engaged in a behavior.

Question 9

Alternate to self reports is this style of observation.

Answer 9

Direct observation

Question 10

IOA

Answer 10

Interobserver Agreement

Question 11

The extent to which two observers data are the same after having directly observed the same behavior at the same time is called what?

Answer 11

IOA, interobserver agreement

Question 12

If an experiment has good IOA, that lends ________ to the experiment.

Answer 12

Believability

Question 13

Behavior analysts approach the use of ________-_________ measures with caution.

Answer 13

Self-report

Question 14

Two potential problems with self-reports are that i. People do not always tell the ________, particularly when doing so would make them look bad, and ii. People often cannot _________ their own behavior very well.

Answer 14

Truth, recall

Question 15

A behavioral ___________ provides a very specific description of the target behavior.

Answer 15

Definition

Question 16

A behavioral definition has ______ _________ when the consumer of the intervention or an expert in the field indicates that the behavioral definition accurately reflects the behavior of interest.

Answer 16

Social validity

Question 17

IOA = ___________/(_______+________)*100

Answer 17

Agreement, agreement, disagreement

Question 18

IOA is defined as the extent to which two _______ observers data are the same after having directly observed the same behavior at the same time.

Answer 18

Independent

Question 19

If IOA is less than _______ then the observers will need further training, or the behavioral definition will need to be refined (or the task is too hard for the observers).

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

IOA does not assess the __________ of the data collected; nor does it assess its reliability. Instead, high IOA enhances the _________ of the data.

Answer 20

Accuracy, believability

Question 21

When interested in how often the target behavior occurs, the dimension of behavior is _________.

Answer 21

Frequency

Question 22

When interested in how long it takes a behavior to begin, we are interested in the dimension of ________.

Answer 22

Latency

Question 23

When we are interested in how long a behavior lasts, we are interested in _________.

Answer 23

Duration

Question 24

When we are interested in the force or intensity of the behavior, we are interested in the dimension of _________.

Answer 24

Magnitude

Question 25

What are four of the commonly used direct observation methods?

Answer 25

Outcome Recording, Event Recording, Interval Recording, Duration Recording

Question 26

When behavior changes because the subject is aware they are being watched, this is called ________.

Answer 26

Reactivity

Question 27

Observers recording the distinct, observable, and lasting product of behavior, instead of the behavior itself, is known as ________?

Answer 27

Outcome recording

Question 28

When you want to record a behavior the moment it occcurs what style of recording do you use?

Answer 28

Event Recording

Question 29

If you want to estimate how frequently a behavior occurs by recording if it occurs at any point in time during any interval, is known as?

Answer 29

Partial interval recording

Question 30

Whole interval recording?

Answer 30

Recording if a behavior occurs for the entire duration of time intervals.

Question 31

When measuring either latency or duration of a target behavior you are using what recording style?

Answer 31

Duration recording