Chapter 1 An Introduction To Behavior Analysis Flashcards
Behavior
An individual living organisms activity, public or private, which may be influenced by external or internal stimulation.
Response
A single instance of behavior
Stimulus events
Things you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel
The first goal of Behavior analysis
Is to accurately predict behavior
The second goal of behavior analysis
To discover functional variables that may be used to positively influence behavior
A functional variable is…
A variable that, when changed, reliably and systematically influences behavior
Behavior is something that ________ living organisms do.
Individual
______ is defined as an individual living organisms activity, public or ________, which may be influenced by external or ______ stimulation.
Behavior
Private
Internal
A ______ is something you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel. These events can occur outside or inside your body.
Stimulus (stimulus event)
Stimuli is plural of _________.
Stimulus
One Stimulus, two ______.
Stimuli
Buying a car is an instance of _________ behavior.
Public
Changing your clothes is an instance of ________ behavior.
Public
Thinking that you should not have bought that car because now you don’t have enough money for clothes is an instance of _______ behavior.
Private
The first goal of behavior analysis is to _______ _________ behavior.
Accurately predict
The second goal of behavior analysis is to discover _____ variables that may be used to ______ _______ behavior.
Functional, positively influence
Accurately predicting behavior is important because it allows ________ behavior.
Adaptive
The first assumption of behavior analysis is that behavior is _________.
Determined
When we say, “Behavior is determined” we simply mean that behavior has a ________, or multiple _______.
Cause, causes
In our daily lives, we often explain behavior (i went to the movies) by pointing to private behaviors (i thought going to the movies was a good idea). Behavior analysts refer to these as ______________ explanations of behavior.
Mentalistic
The second assumption of behavior analysis is that the ___________ ___________ is a valid way to discover the determinants of behavior.
Scientific method
Behavior analysis is an ________, unbiased scientific approach to discovering how behavior works.
Objective
Behavior analysts specify the behavior of interest with enough _______ that its occurrence can be _____.
Which makes the science _______.
Precision, counted, quantitative.
When behavior analysts conduct an intervention designed to influence behavior, they make sure that it is ________ ________ as it is supposed to be. Which makes the intervention _________.
Implemented exactly, systematic
Behavior analysts require _________ evidence to support any claim about behavior.
Empirical
By “empirical” we mean the evidence must be __________.
Observable
Good theories make ______ predictions and incorrect theories make ________ predictions.
Accurate, inaccurate.
The most powerful scientific method is the ________ and this method is extensively used in behavior analysis.
Experiment
Independent variable
A publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way.
The most important way to evaluate if scientific discoveries are true is through _________, that is, repeating the experiment and obtaining the same outcome.
Replication
Within science, there are two meanings of the word _________. The first recognizes that humans are susceptible to biases that cloud how we evaluate evidence that supports or refutes our favorite theories.
Objective
The second meaning of the word __________, recognizes that our current understanding of behavior is tentative and will be changed in the future as new findings support an alternative viewpoint that better allows us to predict and positively influence behavior.
Objective
_____________ evidence for a scientific finding is either directly observable or observable with the aid of an unbiased measurement device.
Empirical
When a scientist makes a prediction about behavior, the prediction is precise enough that it could be shown to be incorrect. These are referred to as _______ predictions.
Falsifiable
When scientists discover something, it is important that their research be repeated to see if the finding can be obtained again. This repetition of experiments to evaluate if they produced reliable results is called _________
Replication
________ _________ are the product of the evolutionary past of the species.
Innate behaviors
Another “nature” determinant of behavior is the unique ________ of the individual.
Genome
The behavioral determinants collectively referred to as “___________” include alll of the events experienced during an individuals life.
Nurture
By ___________ we mean all of the things you experience through your senses.
Environmental
Over 100 years of research has demonstrated that individual behavior is influenced by ______ and ________.
Nature and Nurture
Those working in the ____________ analysis of behavior, most often conduct their research in laboratory settings, where nuisance variables will not get in the way of identifying determinants of behavior.
Experimental
Behavior Analysts who conduct scientific research in clinical settings are called _______ behavior analysts.
Applied
Individualists who deliver behavioral services that are based on the research or laboratory and applied behavior analysts are employed in the field of behavioral _______ _________.
Service delivery
