Chapter 1 An Introduction To Behavior Analysis

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

An individual living organisms activity, public or private, which may be influenced by external or internal stimulation.

Question 2

Response

Answer 2

A single instance of behavior

Question 3

Stimulus events

Answer 3

Things you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel

Question 4

The first goal of Behavior analysis

Answer 4

Is to accurately predict behavior

Question 5

The second goal of behavior analysis

Answer 5

To discover functional variables that may be used to positively influence behavior

Question 6

A functional variable is…

Answer 6

A variable that, when changed, reliably and systematically influences behavior

Question 7

Behavior is something that ________ living organisms do.

Answer 7

Individual

Question 8

______ is defined as an individual living organisms activity, public or ________, which may be influenced by external or ______ stimulation.

Answer 8

Behavior
Private
Internal

Question 9

A ______ is something you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel. These events can occur outside or inside your body.

Answer 9

Stimulus (stimulus event)

Question 10

Stimuli is plural of _________.

Answer 10

Stimulus

Question 11

One Stimulus, two ______.

Answer 11

Stimuli

Question 12

Buying a car is an instance of _________ behavior.

Answer 12

Public

Question 13

Changing your clothes is an instance of ________ behavior.

Answer 13

Public

Question 14

Thinking that you should not have bought that car because now you don’t have enough money for clothes is an instance of _______ behavior.

Answer 14

Private

Question 15

The first goal of behavior analysis is to _______ _________ behavior.

Answer 15

Accurately predict

Question 16

The second goal of behavior analysis is to discover _____ variables that may be used to ______ _______ behavior.

Answer 16

Functional, positively influence

Question 17

Accurately predicting behavior is important because it allows ________ behavior.

Answer 17

Adaptive

Question 18

The first assumption of behavior analysis is that behavior is _________.

Answer 18

Determined

Question 19

When we say, “Behavior is determined” we simply mean that behavior has a ________, or multiple _______.

Answer 19

Cause, causes

Question 20

In our daily lives, we often explain behavior (i went to the movies) by pointing to private behaviors (i thought going to the movies was a good idea). Behavior analysts refer to these as ______________ explanations of behavior.

Answer 20

Mentalistic

Question 21

The second assumption of behavior analysis is that the ___________ ___________ is a valid way to discover the determinants of behavior.

Answer 21

Scientific method

Question 22

Behavior analysis is an ________, unbiased scientific approach to discovering how behavior works.

Answer 22

Objective

Question 23

Behavior analysts specify the behavior of interest with enough _______ that its occurrence can be _____.
Which makes the science _______.

Answer 23

Precision, counted, quantitative.

Question 24

When behavior analysts conduct an intervention designed to influence behavior, they make sure that it is ________ ________ as it is supposed to be. Which makes the intervention _________.

Answer 24

Implemented exactly, systematic

Question 25

Behavior analysts require _________ evidence to support any claim about behavior.

Answer 25

Empirical

Question 26

By “empirical” we mean the evidence must be __________.

Answer 26

Observable

Question 27

Good theories make ______ predictions and incorrect theories make ________ predictions.

Answer 27

Accurate, inaccurate.

Question 28

The most powerful scientific method is the ________ and this method is extensively used in behavior analysis.

Answer 28

Experiment

Question 29

Independent variable

Answer 29

A publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way.

Question 30

The most important way to evaluate if scientific discoveries are true is through _________, that is, repeating the experiment and obtaining the same outcome.

Answer 30

Replication

Question 31

Within science, there are two meanings of the word _________. The first recognizes that humans are susceptible to biases that cloud how we evaluate evidence that supports or refutes our favorite theories.

Answer 31

Objective

Question 32

The second meaning of the word __________, recognizes that our current understanding of behavior is tentative and will be changed in the future as new findings support an alternative viewpoint that better allows us to predict and positively influence behavior.

Answer 32

Objective

Question 33

_____________ evidence for a scientific finding is either directly observable or observable with the aid of an unbiased measurement device.

Answer 33

Empirical

Question 34

When a scientist makes a prediction about behavior, the prediction is precise enough that it could be shown to be incorrect. These are referred to as _______ predictions.

Answer 34

Falsifiable

Question 35

When scientists discover something, it is important that their research be repeated to see if the finding can be obtained again. This repetition of experiments to evaluate if they produced reliable results is called _________

Answer 35

Replication

Question 36

________ _________ are the product of the evolutionary past of the species.

Answer 36

Innate behaviors

Question 37

Another “nature” determinant of behavior is the unique ________ of the individual.

Answer 37

Genome

Question 38

The behavioral determinants collectively referred to as “___________” include alll of the events experienced during an individuals life.

Answer 38

Nurture

Question 39

By ___________ we mean all of the things you experience through your senses.

Answer 39

Environmental

Question 40

Over 100 years of research has demonstrated that individual behavior is influenced by ______ and ________.

Answer 40

Nature and Nurture

Question 41

Those working in the ____________ analysis of behavior, most often conduct their research in laboratory settings, where nuisance variables will not get in the way of identifying determinants of behavior.

Answer 41

Experimental

Question 42

Behavior Analysts who conduct scientific research in clinical settings are called _______ behavior analysts.

Answer 42

Applied

Question 43

Individualists who deliver behavioral services that are based on the research or laboratory and applied behavior analysts are employed in the field of behavioral _______ _________.

Answer 43

Service delivery