Chapter 3

Question 1

biomagnification

Answer 1

toxins in organisms having higher levels as they move up the food chain

Question 2

which is better

-upstream or downstream solutions?

Answer 2

upstream - focus on the root cause

Question 3

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Answer 3

label that helps individuals understand the possible effects of their purchase

Question 4

cradle to cradle manufacturing approach

Answer 4

waste is used in new production cycles

Question 5

reduce, reuse is an example of what strategy

Answer 5

upstream solution

Question 6

recycle is an example of what strategy

Answer 6

downstream solution

Question 7

vermiculture

Answer 7

Using an under-cabinet tub of worms to transform food waste into soil is called

Question 8

What is it to be a locavore?

Answer 8

Eating what is regionally grown

Question 9

Buying carbon offsets is a….

Answer 9

downstream solution

Question 10

Ron Finley wants “gangsta” in the guerrilla garden movement to mean

Answer 10

gardener

Question 11

Explain the Gulf of Mexica oxygen dilemma

Answer 11

Farms use fertilisers which carry from the Mississippi. Creates algea and when algea dies it consumes oxygen. Only an upstream solution of reducing fertiliser will make this better

Question 12

eco-industrial parks

Answer 12

industrial communities that are based on sharing resources, maximising efficiency, and utilising each other’a waste materials

Question 13

companion planting

Answer 13

one common strategy for farming and gardening is to leverage interconnectedness

Question 14

aquaponics

Answer 14

using a combination of fish and gravity to create fertile vegetable gardens in small urban areas

Question 15

A social movement called ‘voluntary simplicity’ is spreading through Europe and North America, what does it entail?

Answer 15

people aim to take charge of a life that is too busy, too stressful and too fragmented

people choose to downscale their material possessions in order to live consciously and deliberately

people choose to recognise their present abundance and sufficiency and appreciate that more can be less

Question 16

locavore

Answer 16

eating what is regionally grown

Question 17

slow food

slow fashion

Answer 17

refers to an
emerging global trend of mindfully growing, preparing, and sharing nutritious, sustainably produced, seasonal, local cuisine, an approach that benefits both planetary
and human health

Question 18

Monocultures have reduced resistance to ________ and are greater risk for total ________.

Answer 18

stressors; failure

Question 19

Designing spaces that focus on the relationship between people, animals, plants, activities AND buildings is termed…

Answer 19

Permaculture

Question 20

Permaculture

Answer 20

a method of designing spaces that focuses on the relationships between
people, animals, plants, activities, and buildings (Holmgren, 2002). The goal is to
create permanently productive, multifunctional, self-sustaining, low-maintenance
spaces. Permaculture principles, such as observing patterns and using system
feedback, are applied uniquely in every situation. A permaculture space generally
includes a mix of perennial fruit trees, berry bushes and herbs, bees, small animals
like chickens and fish, heirloom vegetables and legumes, and compost and rain capture systems, which together provide a synergistic network of functionality.

Question 21

Rainforest Certified

Answer 21

The seal means that the certified product or ingredient was produced using methods that support the three pillars of sustainability: social, economic, and environmental.

Question 22

Ecopsychologists believe that disconnection from nature can lead to problems such as

Answer 22

depression, anxiety, substance use and addiction, compulsive behaviours