Chapter 2 Flashcards
DSP ? = the way of thinking that has spurred industrial development in the Western world.
Dominant Social Paradigm
4 fundamental assumptions in DSP
- Humans are s_______ / s______ nature
- Nature can and should be c_________.
- Individuals have a right to m _____ e______ g_____
- Progress equals g______
- Humans are separate from, and superior to, nature
- Nature can and should be controlled
- Individuals have a right to maximum economic gain
- Progress equals growth
What has contributed to ‘Humans are separate from and superior to nature’ assumption
- A_______ “scale naturae”
- A____po_____
- D _____ mechanical universe
Aristotle
Anthropocentrism
Descartes
Explain Aristotle “scala naturae”
scale of natural things importance God, men, women, animals, plants
Explain anthropocentrism
regards human kind as the most important element of existence
Explain Descartes’s mechanical universe
environment viewed as inanimate, mechanical, clockwork machine
What has contributed to “Nature can and should be controlled” assumption
1. B____’s who founded empiricism, lobbed for scientific observation requiring control. Increased confidence about humans ability to c______ n___.
Bacon
control nature
What has contributed to “Individuals have a right to maximum economic gain “
- H_______ radical individualism. People are in a constant state of c______ for r______
- Pr______ of the individual. became a hallmark of the new democratic government > individuals responsible for their own wellbeing, lives were to be lived as individuals, competitive and separate, pursuing personal material wealth through the rights of individual freedom and noninterference from the state.
- M_______ individualism became a fundamental part of the dominant Western worldview also due to the contribution of the Protestant reformers who settled the US. C_______ believed work was a divine calling & wealth was an indication of God’s approval for hard labor.
Hobbes competition for resources primacy materialistic calvanism
What has contributed to “4. Progress equals growth “
- Early settlement
- Views sustainability as s______
stagnation
c____ b____, where we’re attracted to people, information and events that are consistent with and reinforce our prior beliefs
confirmation bias
New E_____ Paradigm: score low= earth’s resources are limitless, score high= we must be cautious and preserve resources.
Ecological
E_______ – beliefs that are in principal capable of being true or false e.g. global warming is occurring
existential
E______ (attitudes) – beliefs about the “goodness” or “badness” of a person, object, or action. E.g. human nature is basically good.
Evaluative (attitudes)
P________ (values) – beliefs about what should and should not be done e.g. it’s important to protect the earth for future generations
Prescriptive/Proscriptive (values)
- According to Royce (1964), we acquire information about the world in 4 main ways:
A________ – something is deemed to be true if it is endorsed by credible person or doctrine
R_______ – something is deemed to be true if it is consistent with logical principles (thinking)
E_______ – something is deemed to be true if it is verified through sensory experience (sensing)
I______ – Truth is ascertained through intuition (feeling)
Authoritarianism
Rationalism
Empiricism
Intuitionism
