chapter 3

Question 1

ethics

Answer 1

The inner-guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the “right” or appropriate way to behave

Question 2

Stakeholders

Answer 2

The people and groups that supply a company with its productive resources and so have a claim on and a stake in the company

Question 3

Ethical Dilemma

Answer 3

Quandary people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person even though doing so might go against their own self-interest

Question 4

stockholders want to ensure that managers

Answer 4

are behaving ethically and not risking investors’ capital by engaging in actions that could hurt the company’s reputation

Question 5

stockholders want to maximize

Answer 5

their return on investment

Question 6

managers are responsible for

Answer 6

using a company’s financial capital and human resources to increase its performance

Question 7

managers have the right to expect

Answer 7

a good return or reward by investing their human capital to improve a company’s performance

Question 8

managers frequently juggle

Answer 8

multiple interests

Question 9

employees

Answer 9

Companies can act ethically toward employees by creating an occupational structure that fairly and equitably rewards employees for their contributions

Question 10

suppliers

Answer 10

expect to be paid fairly and promptly for their inputs

Question 11

distributors

Answer 11

expect to receive quality products at agreed-upon prices

Question 12

who is the most critical stakeholder

Answer 12

customer

Question 13

why must companies work to increase efficiency and effictiveness

Answer 13

in order to create

loyal customers and attract new ones

Question 14

community

Answer 14

Refers to physical locations like towns or cities or to social milieus like ethnic neighborhoods in which companies are located

Question 15

community provides

Answer 15

a company with the physical and social infrastructure that allows it to operate

Question 16

utilitarian rule

Answer 16

an ethical decision should produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 17

moral rights rule

Answer 17

an ethical decision should maintain and protect the fundamental rights and privileges of people

Question 18

practical rule

Answer 18

an ethical decision should be one that a manager has no hesitation about communicating to people outside the company because the typical person in a society would think the decision is acceptable

Question 19

justice rule

Answer 19

an ethical decision should distribute benefits and harm among people in a fair, equitable and impartial manner

Question 20

trust

Answer 20

Willingness of one person or group to have faith or confidence in another person’s goodwill, even though this puts them at risk

Question 21

reputation

Answer 21

Esteem or high repute that individuals or organizations gain when they behave ethically

Question 22

societal ethics

Answer 22

the values and standards embodied in a societies laws, customs, practices and norms and values

Question 23

professional ethics

Answer 23

the values and standards that groups of managers and workers use to decide how to behave appropriately

Question 24

individual ethics

Answer 24

personal values and standards that result from the influence of family, peers, upbringing, and involvement in significant social situations

Question 25

what are key features of an organizations culture

Answer 25

important ethical values and norms

Question 26

managers become

Answer 26

ethical role models whose behavior is scrutinized by their subordinates

Question 27

ethics ombudsman

Answer 27

an ethics officer who monitors and organizations practices and procedures to be sure they are ethical

Question 28

diversity

Answer 28

Differences among people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, education, physical appearance, capabilities, disabilities, and any other characteristic used to distinguish people.

Question 29

diversity is the ethical imperative for

Answer 29

equal opportunity

Question 30

effectively managing diversity can

Answer 30

improve organizational effectiveness

Question 31

diverse individuals experience unfair treatment in the workplace as a result of

Answer 31

biases, stereotypes and overt discrimination

Question 32

glass ceiling

Answer 32

A metaphor alluding to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions

Question 33

quid pro quo

Answer 33

Asking for or forcing an employee to perform sexual favors in exchange for receiving some reward or avoiding negative consequences.

Question 34

hostile work environment

Answer 34

Telling lewd jokes, displaying pornography, making sexually oriented remarks about someone’s personal appearance, and other sex-related actions that make the work environment unpleasant.

Question 35

equal pay act

Answer 35

(1963) requires that men and women be paid equally if they are performing equal work

Question 36

title V|| of the civil rights act

Answer 36

(1964) prohibits discrimination in employment decision on the bias of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin; covers a wide range of employment decisions, including hiring, firing, pay, promotion and working conditions

Question 37

Age discrimination in employment act

Answer 37

(1967) prohibits discrimination against workers over the age of 40 and restricts mandatory retirement

Question 38

pregnancy discrimination act

Answer 38

(1978) prohibits discrimination against women in employment decisions on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, and related medical conditions

Question 39

americans with disabilities act

Answer 39

(1990) prohibit discriminations against disabled individuals in employment decisions and requires that employers make accommodations for disabled workers to enable them to perform their jobs

Question 40

civil rights act

Answer 40

(1991) prohibits discrimination and allows for the awarding of punitive and compensatory damages, in addition to back pay, in cases of intentional discrimination

Question 41

family and medical leave act

Answer 41

(1993) requires that employers provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons, including paternity and illness of family member