Chapter 3 Flashcards
Inflected Language
The functions of the words within a particular sentence are determined not by word order, but by various endings that are placed on each word.
If you want to change the meaning of a Latin or Greek sentence, what do you have to do?
Change the ending of the word.
declension
The variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified
case
Each change of form that occurs
How many cases for nouns and adjectives are there in Latin?
6
How many declensions for nouns and adjectives are there in Latin?
5
How is each declension identified?
By the ending found in the genitive case
What is the genitive case?
possessive
What is the nominative case?
subject
What is the first declension?
It is identified by -ae in the genitive case.
What is the second declension?
It is identified by -i in the genitive case.
What is the third declension?
It is identified by -is in the genitive case.
What is the fourth declension?
It is identified by -ūs in the genitive case.
What is the fifth declension?
It is identified by -ei in the genitive case.
Almost all English derivatives are from what?
The stem of Latin nouns and adjectives.
Are verbs inflected like nouns and adjectives?
Yes
What are the inflections of verbs called?
conjugations
What do the changes in verb endings indicate?
person, tense, voice, and mood
What does it mean when a conjugation indicates the person?
first, second, or third person
What does it mean when a conjugation indicates the tense?
time of action
What does it mean when the conjugation indicates voice?
active of passive
What does the use of active voice indicate in a Latin sentence?
That the subject of the sentence is doing the action.
What does the passive voice indicate in a Latin sentence?
That the subject of the sentence is receiving the action.
What does it mean when a conjugation indicates a mood?
indicative, subjunctive, or imperative
What does an indicative verb conjugation mean?
action of the verb as a fact
What does an imperative verb conjugation mean?
action of a verb as a command
What does an subjunctive verb conjugation mean?
action of a verb as a possibility that may or may not occur
How many verb conjugations are there in Latin?
4
What is the first verb conjugation?
Distinguished by “a” in the infinitive form
What is the second verb conjugation?
Distinguished by “ē” in the infinitive form
What is the third verb conjugation?
Distinguished by “e” (short with a v on top) in the infinitive form
What is the fourth verb conjugation?
Distinguished by “i” in the infinitive form
Almost all English derivatives from Latin verbs are formed either from what stems?
The present infinite stem pr form the perfect passive
What is the present infinite stem?
The infinitive minus the -re ending
What is the perfect passive stem?
The fourth principal part minus the -um ending.
deponent verb
a class of Latin verbs that are conjugated with the passive endings only, but have active meanings.
What is the conjugation to which each deponent verb identified in?
The infinite form already noted.
What is the mark of the passive infinite?
A final -i
What is the first conjugation deponent verb distinguished by?
An “a” in the infinitive form
What is the second conjugation deponent verb distinguished by?
An “ē” in the infinitive form
What is the third conjugation deponent verb?
It loses the “ēr” in the infinitive and retains only the final “i” as the indication of the infinitive.
What is the fourth conjugation deponent verb distinguished by?
An “i” in the infinitive form
