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Greek and Latin Roots > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Inflected Language

A

The functions of the words within a particular sentence are determined not by word order, but by various endings that are placed on each word.

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2
Q

If you want to change the meaning of a Latin or Greek sentence, what do you have to do?

A

Change the ending of the word.

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3
Q

declension

A

The variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified

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4
Q

case

A

Each change of form that occurs

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5
Q

How many cases for nouns and adjectives are there in Latin?

A

6

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6
Q

How many declensions for nouns and adjectives are there in Latin?

A

5

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7
Q

How is each declension identified?

A

By the ending found in the genitive case

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8
Q

What is the genitive case?

A

possessive

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9
Q

What is the nominative case?

A

subject

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10
Q

What is the first declension?

A

It is identified by -ae in the genitive case.

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11
Q

What is the second declension?

A

It is identified by -i in the genitive case.

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12
Q

What is the third declension?

A

It is identified by -is in the genitive case.

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13
Q

What is the fourth declension?

A

It is identified by -ūs in the genitive case.

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14
Q

What is the fifth declension?

A

It is identified by -ei in the genitive case.

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15
Q

Almost all English derivatives are from what?

A

The stem of Latin nouns and adjectives.

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16
Q

Are verbs inflected like nouns and adjectives?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What are the inflections of verbs called?

A

conjugations

18
Q

What do the changes in verb endings indicate?

A

person, tense, voice, and mood

19
Q

What does it mean when a conjugation indicates the person?

A

first, second, or third person

20
Q

What does it mean when a conjugation indicates the tense?

A

time of action

21
Q

What does it mean when the conjugation indicates voice?

A

active of passive

22
Q

What does the use of active voice indicate in a Latin sentence?

A

That the subject of the sentence is doing the action.

23
Q

What does the passive voice indicate in a Latin sentence?

A

That the subject of the sentence is receiving the action.

24
Q

What does it mean when a conjugation indicates a mood?

A

indicative, subjunctive, or imperative

25
Q

What does an indicative verb conjugation mean?

A

action of the verb as a fact

26
Q

What does an imperative verb conjugation mean?

A

action of a verb as a command

27
Q

What does an subjunctive verb conjugation mean?

A

action of a verb as a possibility that may or may not occur

28
Q

How many verb conjugations are there in Latin?

A

4

29
Q

What is the first verb conjugation?

A

Distinguished by “a” in the infinitive form

30
Q

What is the second verb conjugation?

A

Distinguished by “ē” in the infinitive form

31
Q

What is the third verb conjugation?

A

Distinguished by “e” (short with a v on top) in the infinitive form

32
Q

What is the fourth verb conjugation?

A

Distinguished by “i” in the infinitive form

33
Q

Almost all English derivatives from Latin verbs are formed either from what stems?

A

The present infinite stem pr form the perfect passive

34
Q

What is the present infinite stem?

A

The infinitive minus the -re ending

35
Q

What is the perfect passive stem?

A

The fourth principal part minus the -um ending.

36
Q

deponent verb

A

a class of Latin verbs that are conjugated with the passive endings only, but have active meanings.

37
Q

What is the conjugation to which each deponent verb identified in?

A

The infinite form already noted.

38
Q

What is the mark of the passive infinite?

A

A final -i

39
Q

What is the first conjugation deponent verb distinguished by?

A

An “a” in the infinitive form

40
Q

What is the second conjugation deponent verb distinguished by?

A

An “ē” in the infinitive form

41
Q

What is the third conjugation deponent verb?

A

It loses the “ēr” in the infinitive and retains only the final “i” as the indication of the infinitive.

42
Q

What is the fourth conjugation deponent verb distinguished by?

A

An “i” in the infinitive form

Greek and Latin Roots (15 decks)

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