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biology 109 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of cells

A

cytology

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2
Q

major structural parts of the cell

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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3
Q

cell membrane proteins

A

integral, peripheral

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4
Q

lie loosely on the inner and outer surface of the cell membrane

A

integral

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5
Q

inserted into and extend across the lipid bilayer

A

peripheral

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6
Q

coats white blood cells for traction

A

selectin

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7
Q

grabs WBC and tells it where to go

A

integrin

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8
Q

gel like material between the nucleus and cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

protein synthesis

A

rough er

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10
Q

lipid synthesis

A

smooth er

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11
Q

packaging and transport of proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

atp production

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

storage of various materials

A

vesicles

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14
Q

storage of water

A

vacuole

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15
Q

breakdown materials inside the cell

A

lysosomes

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16
Q

protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

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17
Q

cell division

A

centrosome

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18
Q

releases hydrogen peroxide and catalase to decompose it

A

peroxisomes

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19
Q

regulates movement of material between the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

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20
Q

loosely coiled strand of DNA and protein

A

chromatin

21
Q

contains genetic material DNA which directs all cell activities

A

nucleus

22
Q

movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

simple diffusion

23
Q

movement of molecules from high to low using a protein carries to cross a membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

24
Q

movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration of water

A

osmosis

25
Q

equal osmotic pressure inside and out

A

isotonic

26
Q

solutions that have a higher osmotic pressure

A

hypertonic

27
Q

solutions that have a lower osmotic pressure

A

hypotonic

28
Q

movement of a substance through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure

A

filtration

29
Q

process by which larger molecules enter the cell

A

endocytosis

30
Q

“cell eating” solid materials

A

phagocytosis

31
Q

“cell drinking” liquid materials

A

pinocytosis

32
Q

process by which large molecules exit the cell

A

exocytosis

33
Q

series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until cell division occurs

A

cell cycle

34
Q

period of time before cell division occurs

A

interphase

35
Q

division of a somatic cell forming 2 genetically identical somatic cell

A

mitosis

36
Q

DNA packaged into identical paired bundles called chromatids

A

prophase

37
Q

chromosomes line up

A

metaphase

38
Q

chromatids dragged to opposite ends

A

anaphase

39
Q

new nucleus, chromosomes uncoil

A

telaphase

40
Q

division of the cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

41
Q

cell death

A

apoptosis

42
Q

characteristics of cancer cells

A
  1. hyperplasia
  2. invasiveness
  3. angiogenesis
  4. metastasis
43
Q

uncontrolled cell growth

A

hyperplasia

44
Q

cells break through barriers in tissues

A

invasiveness

45
Q

cells induce the formation of blood vessels

A

angiogenesis

46
Q

cells spread to other tissues

A

metastasis

47
Q

disorganized mass from abnormal cell growth

A

tumor

48
Q

no tendency to spread

A

benign tumor

49
Q

a group of diseases resulting from runaway growth of body’s own cells where the abnormal cells crowd out/destroy the healthy cells

A

cancer

biology 109 (7 decks)

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