Chapter 2

Question 1

the study of matter

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

the smallest particle of an element

Answer 3

atom

Question 4

a basic chemical substance composed of atoms

Answer 4

element

Question 5

a positively charged particle

Answer 5

proton

Question 6

a neutral particle

Answer 6

neutron

Question 7

a negative particle

Answer 7

electron

Question 8

number of protons

Answer 8

atomic number

Question 9

number of protons + number of neutrons

Answer 9

atomic weight

Question 10

atomic weight - the atomic number

Answer 10

number of neutrons

Question 11

atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weight

Answer 11

isotopes

Question 12

atoms that have lost or gained electrons to fill their valence shell

Answer 12

ions

Question 13

an atom that gains an electron and becomes a negative ion

Answer 13

anion

Question 14

an atom that loses an electron and becomes a positive ion

Answer 14

cation

Question 15

two or more atoms joined together

Answer 15

molecule

Question 16

type of molecule in which atoms of different elements bond

Answer 16

compound

Question 17

sharing of electrons between atoms

Answer 17

covalent bond

Question 18

a weak bond formed between hydrogen atoms and another atom

Answer 18

hydrogen bond

Question 19

chemicals that do not contain the atoms C and H

Answer 19

inorganic compound

Question 20

chemicals that contain C and H

Answer 20

organic compound

Question 21

resist pH change

Answer 21

buffer

Question 22

electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions

Answer 22

bases

Question 23

electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water

Answer 23

acids

Question 24

measurement of the hydrogen in a solution

Answer 24

pH

Question 25

C, H, O often P

Answer 25

lipids

Question 26

what is triglyceries made of

Answer 26

glycerol, 3 fatty acid chains

Question 27

single covalent bond, solid at room temp

Answer 27

saturated fats

Question 28

double covalent bond, liquid at room temp

Answer 28

unsaturated fats

Question 29

phospholipids

Answer 29

glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, phosphate group

Question 30

steroids

Answer 30

carbon skeleton with 4 carbon rings joined together

Question 31

types of steroids

Answer 31

hormones, vitamins, cholesterols

Question 32

proteins

Answer 32

C, H, O, N, often S

Question 33

amino acids

Answer 33

building blocks of proteins

Question 34

the shape of the protein

Answer 34

conformation

Question 35

nucleic acids

Answer 35

C, H, O, N, P

Question 36

nucleotides

Answer 36

building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 37

regulates cell activities

Answer 37

DNA

Question 38

protein synthesis

Answer 38

RNA