Chapter 2 Flashcards
the study of matter
chemistry
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
the smallest particle of an element
atom
a basic chemical substance composed of atoms
element
a positively charged particle
proton
a neutral particle
neutron
a negative particle
electron
number of protons
atomic number
number of protons + number of neutrons
atomic weight
atomic weight - the atomic number
number of neutrons
atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weight
isotopes
atoms that have lost or gained electrons to fill their valence shell
ions
an atom that gains an electron and becomes a negative ion
anion
an atom that loses an electron and becomes a positive ion
cation
two or more atoms joined together
molecule
type of molecule in which atoms of different elements bond
compound
sharing of electrons between atoms
covalent bond
a weak bond formed between hydrogen atoms and another atom
hydrogen bond
chemicals that do not contain the atoms C and H
inorganic compound
chemicals that contain C and H
organic compound
resist pH change
buffer
electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions
bases
electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
acids
measurement of the hydrogen in a solution
pH
C, H, O often P
lipids
what is triglyceries made of
glycerol, 3 fatty acid chains
single covalent bond, solid at room temp
saturated fats
double covalent bond, liquid at room temp
unsaturated fats
phospholipids
glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, phosphate group
steroids
carbon skeleton with 4 carbon rings joined together
types of steroids
hormones, vitamins, cholesterols
proteins
C, H, O, N, often S
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
the shape of the protein
conformation
nucleic acids
C, H, O, N, P
nucleotides
building blocks of nucleic acids
regulates cell activities
DNA
protein synthesis
RNA
