Chapter 10 Flashcards
Receive and transmit nerve impulses
neurons
Support neurons
Neuroglia
Junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another
synapse
Chemicals which bridge the gap at the synapse
neurotransmitters
At ends of peripheral neurons, detect changes in and outside the body and convert info to nerve impulses
sensory receptors
The organs of the nervous system
cns
pns
Central nervous system
- consist of the brain and spinal cord
- process sensory input
- process information, regulate body functions
- coordinate motor outputs
Peripheral nervous system
- includes nerves, receptors, sensory neurons, ganglia
- conducts nerve impulses to and from the CNS
PNS
- sensory
- motor
Types of motor response
- somatic NS
- autonomic NS
Gather info and transmit nerve impulses toward the CNS
afferent
Transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS to effectors
efferent
a structure that initiates a nerve impulse
receptor
Transmit nerve impulses toward the cell body
dendrite
Transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body
axon
Neuroglial cell that produces myelin around nerve fibers in the PNS
Schwann cell
Sheath around myelin
neurilemma
Caps between each sheath
nodes of Ranvier
A group of neuron cell bodies surrounded by connective tissue outside the CNS
ganglion
Classification of cells by structure
- bipolar neurons
- unipolar neurons
- multipolar neurons
Classification of cells by function
- sensory neurons
- interneuron
- motor neurons
Bipolar neuron
2 processes coming off the cell body
ex: specialized parts of eyes, nose, ears
Unipolar neuron
ones process
ex: ganglia of PNS
Multipolar neuron
many processes
ex: brain, spinal cord
Carry impulses to the CNS
sensory neurons (afferent)
Carry impulses from CNS to the effectors
motor neuron (efferent)
Most are multipolar, conduct nerve impulses from neurons to neuron w/in the CNS
interneuron
Neuroglial cells in PNS
- schwann cells
- satellite cells
Provide structural support in the ganglion
satellite cells
Neuroglial cells in CNS
- astrocytes
- microglial
- oligodendrocytes
- ependymal
Processes provide CNS framework, form scar tissue, form blood brain barrier
astrocytes
Phagocytize, junk cleaners
microglial
Produce myelin w/in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
Forms lining of central canal of cord, lines ventricles, produces CSF
ependymal
The surface of a cell membrane is usually charged and polarized with respect to the outside
cell membrane potential
