Chapter 3 Flashcards
define work breakdown structure (WBS)
a hierarchical description of a project into more and more detailed components
define Gantt charts
planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time
define program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
a project management technique that employs three time estimates for each activity
define critical path method (CPM)
a project management technique that uses only one time factor per activity
define critical path
the computed longest time path(s) through a network
define activity-on-node (AON)
a network diagram in which nodes designate activities
define activity-on-arrow (AOA)
a network diagram in which arrows designate activities
define critical path analysis
a process that helps determine a project schedule
define forward pass
a process that identifies all the early times
define backward pass
an activity that finds all the late start and late finish times
define slack time
free time for an activity. also referred to as free float or free slack
define optimistic time
the “best” activity completion time that could be obtained in a PERT network
define pessimistic time
the “worst” activity time that could be expected in a PERT network
define most likely time
the most probably time to complete an activity in a PERT network
define crashing
shortening activity time in a network to reduce time on the critical path so total completion time is reduced
one of the current technology trends in services is
the shift away from time-dependent transactions
integration of design and production of a product through the use of a computer is known as
computer-aided design and manufacturing system
programmable machines that can perform multiple functions are known as
industrial robots
which of the following is used to improve organizational performance by providing the information required for effective decision making?
decision support system
to properly integrate new technology into their organization, a firm should realize that
customer training in the use of the technology will may be necessary
manufacturing equipment that is directly controlled by a computer is known as
numerically controlled machines
time-independent communications or transactions are usually called
aynchronous
an operation where machine tools are changed automatically are known as
a machine center
One of the criticisms of ERP systems is that
ERP systems are inflexible once designed or a particular business
Organizations that provide services as a supplement to previously purchased goods and services are best described as
customer support
ERP is an outgrowth of
MRP
Integration of all aspects of manufacturing through computers is known as
computer integrated manufacturing
The elimination of mid-process steps or mid-channel organizations is called
disintermediation
A software system that focuses on the interface between the customer and the firm is called
customer relationship management
Which of the following manages a firm’s technology assets by making the right data available on demand?
management information system
A manufacturing facility that is automated to some extent and produces a wide variety of products is known as
flexible manufacturing system
Prior to the introduction of ERP
each functional area had their own software and database
Organizations that provide remote services to customers are best described as
Application Service Providers
Which of the following statements about self-service operations is TRUE?
many firms use discounts to entice customers to use self-service channels
Which of the following statements about EDI is TRUE?
EDI is very fast
Which of the following had the fewest restrictions in terms of access?
internet
Time-dependent communications or transactions are usually called:
synchronous
A software system providing a common software infrastructure and database is called
enterprise resource planning
In which of the following ways does technology help to improve service performance?
reducing the need for customers to wait in line
The management of projects involves three phases:
- planning
- scheduling
- controlling
Define project organization
an organization formed to ensure that programs (prjects) receive the proper management and attentio
Which of the following statements regarding Gantt charts is true?
Gantt charts are visual devices that show the duration of activities in a project.
Which of the following is true about AOA and AON networks?
- In AOA, arrows represent activities.
- In AON, nodes represent activities.
- Activities consume time and resources.
- Nodes are also called events in AO.
Slack time equals:
latest start - earliest start
The critical path of a network is the:
longest-time path through the network
PERT analysis computes the variance of the total project completion time as:
the sum of the variances of all activities on the critical path.
The crash cost per period:
- is the difference in costs divided by the difference in times (crash and normal)
- is considered to be linear in the range between normal and crash
- needs to be determined so that the smallest cost values on the critical path can be considered for time reduction first
