Chapter 10 Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT associated with lean production?
Increased holding costs.
Lean management regards excess inventory as:
waste.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about lean management?
Lean is management philosophy.
External setups:
can be done while the machine is running.
Which of the following would you NOT expect to see in a lean manufacturing plant?
Waste.
Which of the following lean concepts can be applied to service environments?
Total visibility
Flexibility
Holistic approach
Continuous improvement
Which of the following is consistent with a lean perspective on set up times reduction?
Make as much setup as possible external.
Lean high quality depends on
each worker being his own inspector
Synchronization and balance refers to:
reduction of bottlenecks
A kanban system is based on:
a manual card sytem
In a lean system, preventive maintenance is:
the responsibility of machine operators.
What is the term that means giving workers authority to top the production line when quality problems are encountered?
Jidoka
The original system for eliminating waste in processes is known as:
the Toyota Production System.
The philosophy of JIT
originated in Japan
In a restraunt, synchronization and balance is
a requirement
A focused factory is one that:
is small and tends to specialize.
Group technology includes grouping
machines by product.
Some excess capacity in a lean system
is not considered to be a serious problem.
If it is desired to reduce the amount of inventory in the system, the number of Kanban cards should
be decreased.
In a lean system, quality is
built in, not inspected in.
Which of the following lean concepts as identified by Duclos, Siha, and Lummus can be applied to service environments?
Synchronization and balance of information and workflow
Flexibility in the use of resources
Holistic approach to waste elimination
Continuous improvement of the process
Which of the following lean concepts is NOT applicable to service environments?
Well defined work rules defining specific authority for labor.
Which of the seven deadly wastes involves workers who are idle?
Waiting time.
Labor planning:
A means of determining staffing policies dealing with employment stability, work schedules, and work rules.
Job enlargement:
The grouping of a variety of tasks about the same skill level, horizontal enlargement.
Job rotation:
a system in which an employee is moved from one specialized job to another.
Job enrichment:
a method of giving an employee more responsibility that inludes some of the planning and control necessary for job accomplishment; vertical expansion.
employee empowerment:
enlarging employee jobs so that the added responsibility and authority are moved to the lowest level possible.
job design:
an approach that specifies the tasks that constitute a job for an individual or a group
Labor specialization (job specialization)
the division of labor into unique “special” tasks
self-directed team:
a group of empowered individuals working together to reach a common goal.
ergonomics:
the study of the human interface with the environment and machines
Methods analysis:
a system hat involves developing work procedures that are safe and produce quality products efficiently.
Flow diagram:
A drawing used to analyze movement of people or material
Process chart:
Graphic representations that depict a sequence of steps for a process.
Activity chart:
a way of improving utilization of an operator and a machine or some combination of operators (a crew) and machines.
operations chart:
a chart depicting right and left hand motions.
visual workplace:
uses a variety of visual communication techniques to rapidly communicate information to stakeholders
labor standards:
the amount of time required to perform a job or part of a job
time study:
timing a sample of a worker’s performance and using it as a basis for setting a standard time.
average observed time:
the arithmetic mean of the times for each element measured, adjusted for unusual influence for each element.
Normal time:
the average observed time, adjusted for pace.
Standard time:
an adjustment to the tota normal time; the adjustment provides allowances for personal needs, unavoidable work delays and fatigue.
predetermined time standards:
a division of manual work into small basic elements that have established and widely accepted times.
therblig:
basic physical elements of motion.
Time measurement units (TMUs)
units for very basic micromotions in which 1 TMU = .0006 min, or 100,000 TMUs - 1 HR.
work sampling:
an estimate, via sampling, of the percentage of the time that a worker spends on various tasks.
When product demand fluctuates and yet you maintain a constant level of employment, some of your cost savings might include:
- reduction in hiring costs
- reduction in layoff costs and unemployment insurance costs
- lack of need to pay a premium wage to get workers to accept unstable employment
- having a trained workforce rather than having to retrain new employees each time you hire for an upswing in demand
The difference between job enrichment and job enlargement is that:
enlarged jobs contain a larger number of similar tasks, while enriched jobs include some of the planning and control necessary for job accomplishment.
The work environment includes these factors:
Lighting
Noise
Temperature
Air quality
Methods analysis focuses on:
how a task is accomplished.
The least preferred method of establishing labor standards is:
historical experience.
The allowance factor in a time study:
adjusts normal time for personal needs, unavoidable delays, and fatigue.
To set the required sample size in a time study, you must know:
the desired accuracy and confidence levels.
Inspection in a lean plant is:
done by machines whenever possible.
