Chapter 3

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

Intracellular fluid

Question 2

Membranous organelles (types)

Answer 2

1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Lysosomes
4. Peroxisomes
5. Mitochondria

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Question 3

Nonmembranous organelles (types)

Answer 3

1. Cytoskeleton
2. Microvilli
3. Centrioles
4. Cilia
5. Ribosomes
6. Proteasomes

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Question 4

Cisternae

Answer 4

Storage chambers within membranes

Question 5

Matrix

Answer 5

Fluid around cristae

Question 6

Plasma membrane

Answer 6

Boundary btw cell and environment

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 7

Plasma membrane (function)

Answer 7

Isolation;
protection;
sensitivity;
support;
controls entry and exit of materials

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Protein structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization

Question 9

Free ribosomes

Answer 9

In cytoplasm (scattered)
Manufacture proteins for cells

Question 10

Fixed ribosomes

Answer 10

Attached to ER

Manufacture proteins for secretion

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Build polypeptides in protein synthesis

Question 12

Types of cells in the body

Answer 12

Sex and somatic

Question 13

Microvilli

Answer 13

Attached to cytoskeleton

Extensions of the plasma membrane containing microfilaments

Question 14

Cilia

Answer 14

Long extensions of the plasma membrane containing microtubules

Question 15

DNA ➡️ mRNA

Answer 15

Transcription

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

Requires energy and ATP

Question 17

Passive transport

Answer 17

No energy required

Question 18

DNA ➡️ DNA

Answer 18

Replication

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

Surface covered with ribosomes

Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

Question 20

Organelles

Answer 20

Structures with specific functions

Question 21

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 21

Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic fatty-acid heads
Barrier to ions and h2o

Question 22

Peroxisomes

Answer 22

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

Question 23

Peroxisomes (function)

Answer 23

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds

Neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process

Question 24

Smooth ER

Answer 24

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

Question 25

Proteasomes

Answer 25

Protein complexes that breakdown and recycle damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins Located in nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 26

Nonmembranous organelles

Answer 26

* No membrane | * Direct contact with cytosol

Question 27

Membranous organelles

Answer 27

* Covered with plasma membrane | * Isolated from cytosol

Question 28

Translation

Answer 28

DNA ➡️mRNA ➡️ Protein

Question 29

Chromosomes

Answer 29

Tightly coiled DNA (cells dividing)

Question 30

Chromatin

Answer 30

Loosely coiled DNA (cells not dividing)

Question 31

Transcription of mRNA STEP 1

Answer 31

Gene activation

Question 32

Transcription of mRNA STEP 2

Answer 32

DNA to mRNA

Question 33

Transcription of mRNA STEP 3

Answer 33

RNA processing

Question 34

Cytoplasm

Answer 34

All materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus

Question 35

Genetic code

Answer 35

Chemical language for DNA instructions (ATCG)

Question 36

Cell nucleus

Answer 36

Cells Control center

Question 37

Genetic code

Answer 37

DNA instructions (ATCG)

Question 38

Cell nucleus

Answer 38

Cells Control center

Question 39

Microfilaments

Answer 39

Smallest of the cytoskeletal elements | Made up of protein actin

Question 40

ER

Answer 40

Synthesis of proteins, carbs, and lipids Storage of synthesized molecules Transport Detoxification

Question 41

Gogli apparatus

Answer 41

Composed of cisternaes