Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the first phase of the 3x3 writing process? What are the components?
Prewriting
Analyze, Anticipate, Adapt
What is the second phase of the 3x3 writing process? What are the components?
Drafting
Research, Organize, Draft
What is the third phase of the 3x3 writing process? What are the components?
Revising
Edit, Proofread, Evaluate
What are the 5 questions to ask about the receiver during phase 2?
1) What does the receiver need to know about the topic?
2) What is the receiver to do?
3) How is the receiver to do it?
4) When must the receiver to do it?
5) What will happen if the receiver doesn’t do it?
Whenever your communication problem requires more information than you have in your head or at your finger tips, you must ____ ______
Conduct research
Research means:
Collecting information about a certain topic
Informal research methods include…
Talking with the boss, interviewing the audience, searching files, conducting an informal survey, brainstorming for ideas
Formal research methods include…
scientific experiments, investigating primary resources
No limit thinking is…
gathering a bunch of people together and brainstorming
Organizing your ideas into a logical sequence improves…
reader comprehension
Readability comes first, then ____
comprehension
Many communication experts say that what is the greatest failing of business writers?
poor organization
What are the four tips for efficient outlining?
1) define the main topic (purpose of message) in the title
2) divide the main topic into 3-5 major components
3) Break major components into subpoints (no overlapping)
4) use details, illustrations and evidence subpoints
Stories play a great role while ____ but not in business writing
speaking
Outlining is the best way to add ______ when trying to become a better writer
value
Use the direct strategy when the audience will be…
Pleased, interested, or somewhat neutral
Use of the direct strategy does what 2 things?
1) Saves the reader time
2) makes it easier to read and understand what is to follow (the support sentences)
Front loading-
Putting the main idea in the front position, not using a buffer statement
What percentage of business writing uses the direct strategy?
90%
Use the indirect strategy when the audience will be…
uninterested, displeased, disappointed, or hostile
The indirect approach works best with what three kind of messages?
1) bad news
2) ideas that require persuasion
3) sensitive information
The ______ of a communication will vary in direct proportion to the preparatory work.
quality
What are the 8 Ps?
Prior Proper Planning Properly Prevents Piss Poor Performance
3 common sentence faults are:
1) avoid fragments
2) avoid run-ons
3) avoid comma splices
Comprehension rates for different length sentences:
8 words: 100%
15 words: 90%
19 words: 80%
28 words: 50%
Emphasis in writing can be achieved in two ways:
Mechanically and stylistically
Mechanical emphasis includes:
Underline Italics and boldface Front changes All caps Dashes Tabulation
Stylistic emphasis includes:
Use vivid words
Label the main idea
Place the important idea first or last
Putting too much in bold-
Screaming
Emphasize the most important idea by
placing it first or last in a simple sentence and by making it the sentence subject.
In active voice sentences, the ____ performs the action
subject
In passive voice sentences, the subject _____ the action
receives
Negative news usually requires _____ voice
passive
Parallelism creates-
balanced writing
Paragraphs are coherent when ideas are
linked
How many ideas should be developed in a paragraph?
one
