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Art of Integrative Care > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common resource people rely on when faced with trauma?

A

Spirituality

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2
Q

Spirituality is intimately connected with what of most people?

A

Personal values

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3
Q

What percent of american believe in God?

A

95%

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4
Q

What fraction of people are affiliated with a religious organization?

A

2/3

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5
Q

How can spirituality be involved in the coping process?

A

Stable resource
Intervention
Coping response
Outcome

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6
Q

How can your coping choice affect you?

A

Physically
Psychologically
Socially

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7
Q

What does spirituality provide people?

A

A variety of pathways for living

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8
Q

What is the definition of coping?

A

A process such as a search for significance in times of stress that is goal oriented and value driven

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9
Q

What do people strive for and regain during coping strategies?

A

Strive for meaning and enhanced spirituality

Regain a sense of control or strengthened intimate connections

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10
Q

What is a person’s pursuit during coping?

A

pursuit towards significance or towards goals worthy of pursuit

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11
Q

What is the definition of spirituality?

A

a search for the sacred

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12
Q

What are other words that can used for search in the spirituality definition?

A

efforts to discover
experience
conserve
transform the sacred

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13
Q

What is the definition of sacred?

A

Those things considered holy or divine

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14
Q

Can sacred things be non theistic?

A

Yes- life force, or energy can be considered sacred

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15
Q

What is the definition of institutional religion?

A

Organized beliefs and practices based on a social institution and related to the sacred

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16
Q

What is the definition of spiritual orienting system?

A

The worldview that people draw from as a foundation for their lives.

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17
Q

What does the spiritual orienting system usually consist of?

A 
Typical behavior
Attitudes
Values
Patterns to relating to others
Beliefs
Personality
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18
Q

Which famous psychologist considered spirituality as detrimental to psychological health?

A

Freud

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19
Q

Why did Freud think spirituality detrimental?

A

It propagates irrational belief or it functions as a defense mechanism (denial)
Avoiding anxiety
passively coping with stress and trauma

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20
Q

What is the first stereotype of spirituality?

A

Spirituality is a strategy to avoid anxiety

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21
Q

What are the arguments against the 1st stereotype of spirituality?

A

Religion may create anxiety
There are multiple pathways dealing with spirituality so you can’t generalize
Most converts found greater purpose
Helps people find self actualization
People have different spiritual orientations

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22
Q

What is the 1st spiritual orientation?

A

Psychological or social goals- reduced distress and belonging

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23
Q

What is the 2nd spiritual orientation?

A

Motivation towards religion as an end in and of itself

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24
Q

What is the intrinsic orientation?

A

Achieve closeness with divine or gain spiritual enlightenment

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25
Q

What is the second stereotype of spirituality?

A

It’s a form of denial

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26
Q

What is the argument against the second stereotype?

A

Spirituality is broad and has many systems that help them interpret and cope with trauma
Tragedy may be seen as a life lesson
Positive reframing is linked with positive health oucomes

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27
Q

What are the positive health outcomes that are linked with positive reframing?

A

self esteem
psychological adjustment
personal growth

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28
Q

What is the third stereotype of spirituality?

A

Spirituality is a passive, avoidant way of coping and defering problems to God

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29
Q

What is the argument against the third stereotype of spirituality?

A

People see God as a partner not sole controller
Some coping forms are related to active coping
Spirituality is related to increased personal control not decreased
People see God working through, alongside, or supporting them

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30
Q

What is the definition of positive spiritual coping?

A

Strategies that reflect a benevolent and supportive image of God and the spiritual community

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31
Q

What is included in positive spiritual coping?

A 
spiritual forgiveness
seeking spiritual support
collaborative coping
spiritual connection
benevolent spiritual reappraisals
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32
Q

What does spiritual forgiveness involve?

A

Seeking forgiveness from God

Seeking help to let go of anger towards others

33
Q

What does spiritual support involve?

A

Seeking love and care from God

34
Q

What does collaborative coping refer to?

A

Thinking of God as an active partner working on people’s coping plans and actions

35
Q

What does spiritual connection refer to?

A

Seeking a stronger connection with God through religious service, prayer, reading scripture

36
Q

What does benevolent reappraisals involve?

A

Positive interpretation of the event, holding a spiritual benefit.

37
Q

What is the definition of negative spiritual coping?

A

Strategies that reflect spiritual isolation and conflict

38
Q

What does negative spiritual coping include?

A

Spiritual disconnect
demonic reappraisals
reappraisals of God’s power

39
Q

What does spiritual disconnect refer to?

A

questioning god’s love, or interpreting the event as abandonment from God

40
Q

What does interpersonal spiritual disconnect refer to?

A

conflicts with a religious community or feelings of spiritual abandonment

41
Q

What does demonic reappraisals involve?

A

interpreting the event as the work of the devil

42
Q

What does punishing god reappraisals involve?

A

interpreting the event as a punishment from God for our sins or lack of spiritual devotion

43
Q

What does reappraisals of God’s power involve?

A

Considering that God may not be all powerful

44
Q

What does positive and negative spiritual coping create?

A

positive-positive stress related growth

Negative- emotional distress, poor health like depression and anxiety

45
Q

Should negative spiritual coping always be considered bad?

A

No, more research is needed.

it should be considered a red flag

46
Q

When does “wrong direction” occur?

A

When the destinations, goals, or purposes in life are not well integrated

47
Q

What did Pargament write?

A

Any end, even the most virtuous, can become problematic when pursued to the exclusion of other values

48
Q

What are other examples of “wrong direction”

A

When spiritual goals are the exclusive focus and attention

Goals that appear noble, but have deeper motives like oppression, prejudice and abuse

49
Q

When does “wrong road” occur?

A

When there may be well-integrated values and direction, but the methods are integrated with other behavior

50
Q

What are examples of wrong road?

A

One sided interpretation
One sided approach to coping
Perceiving personal control as too low or high
Extremism or apathy

51
Q

What is coping “against the stream?”

A

When the lack of integration of an individual within his/her religious system

52
Q

What are the outcomes of coping against the stream?

A

Costly
May benefit
Greater self control or efficacy
May create more adaptive behavior in community

53
Q

What provides the foundation for coping?

A

The orienting system

54
Q

What does coping involve?

A

organizing and using resources to overcome stress

55
Q

What occurs when the orienting system is strong, well developed and well integrated?

A

Coping is more adaptive

56
Q

What are the four disintegrations of the orienting system?

A

Undifferentiated spirituality
Fragmented spirituality
Inflexible spirituality
Insecure spirituality

57
Q

What is undifferentiated spirituality?

A

One-sided spirituality and involves pursuing one narrow aspect of faith and ignoring the full spectrum

58
Q

What does undifferentiated spirituality cause?

A

Inability to produce a variety of coping response
No improvement or adaptation in orienting system
A Fatalistic view point

59
Q

When does fragmented spirituality occur?

A

When there is a gap between what one says does and believes

60
Q

What occurs with fragmented spirituality?

A

Beliefs become disconnected with practice
Coping may feel hallow and pointless
Problems in coping may occur

61
Q

What is inflexible spirituality?

A

Extreme spiritual fundamentalism that may support prejudice and intolerance

62
Q

How will people with inflexible spirituality react?

A

Lash out in anger

Threats to faith

63
Q

What is flexible spiritual coping?

A

Allowing different perspectives to interpret various stressful events

64
Q

What is insecure spiritual attachment?

A

Feeling alienated from the sacred and distrustful that God will be there during tough times

65
Q

What can insecure spiritual attachment lead to?

A 
Estrangement from spiritual community
No stable resources
Heightened anxiety
ambivalence towards resources
use harmful coping methods
66
Q

What percent of people expressed spiritual problems and conflict?

A

25%

67
Q

What are precautions that should be used in practice?

A

Respect the patient
Organize own bias
Monitor intonation and body language to ensure acceptance
Develop expertise
Obtain training or supervision
Do not just provide answers use a listening ear
Interventions are culturally sensitive

68
Q

What are questions that can be asked about spirituality?

A
  1. Is spirituality or religion important to you? (if no, don’t continue)
  2. Are there ways that your spirituality (religion) has been helpful to you as you have coped with your illness?
  3. Do you have any spiritual questions or challenges that are causing you some concern?
69
Q

What can you use to diagnose spiritual distress?

A

Spiritual Affect Scale

Brief RCOPE

70
Q

What does the Spiritual Affect Scale asses?

A

Affective quality of relationship with the sacred

71
Q

What does the Brief RCOPE asses?

A

Negative and positive spiritual coping

72
Q

What percent of people preferred psychotherapy with spiritual focus compared to no spiritual focus?

A

78%

73
Q

What are the five types of interventions?

A 
Individual intervention
Spiritual integrated psychotherapy
Meditation
Forgiveness intervention
Structured Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
74
Q

What is individual intervention?

A

Clergy or mental health professional talking to the patient (good for people with grounded religious orientation)

75
Q

What is spiritual integrated psychotherapy?

A

use images of a spiritual sacred being with them in times of stress

76
Q

What is meditation?

A

The focus on one thing other than the stress

77
Q

What does forgiveness intervention lead to?

A

compassion
release
healing
hope

78
Q

What is Structured CBT

A

Cognitive-behavior therapy

Focus on changing thoughts, images, and behavior

Art of Integrative Care (7 decks)

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