chapter 3 2

Question 1

Can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting.

Answer 1

Impressionism

Question 2

— was characterized by its focus on capturing the fleeting impressions
of light and colour in the natural world and was marked by its loose brushwork and
vivid, luminous colours.

Answer 2

Impressionism

Question 3

—- sought to capture the sensory experience of the world around
them, often painting outdoors or en plein air (a French expression meaning “in the
open air”).

Answer 3

Impressionist artists

Question 4

The —- aimed to be painters of the real life they aimed to extend the
possible subjects for paintings.

Answer 4

impressionist

Question 5

—- is a term used to describe the reaction in the 1880s against
Impressionism. It was led by Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and
Georges Seurat.

Answer 5

Post Impressionism

Question 6

—- is a movement in French painting of the late 19th century that
reacted against the empirical realism of Impressionism by relying on systematic
calculation and scientific predetermined visual effects.

Answer 6

Neo-Impressionism

Question 7

—- was both an artistic and a literary movement that suggested ideas
through symbols and emphasized the meaning behind the forms, lines, shapes, and
colors.

Answer 7

Symbolism

Question 8

— can also be seen as being at the forefront of modernism, in that it
developed new and often abstract means to express psychological truth and the idea
that behind the physical world lay a spiritual reality.

Answer 8

Symbolism

Question 9

—- could take the ineffable, such as dreams and visions, and give it form.

Answer 9

Symbolists

Question 10

—– in the visual arts had its sources in early 19th-century Romanticism’s
emphasis on the imagination, rather than reason, and the themes first evident in the
writer Charles Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du Mal (1857).

Answer 10

Symbolism

Question 11

—- was in many ways a rection against the moralism, rationalism, and
materialism of the 1880s.

Answer 11

Symbolism

Question 12

An offshoot of the literary Symbolism that influenced visual art was the field of art
criticism, particularly that of ——-.

Answer 12

Albert Aurier

Question 13

In 1891 Albert Aurier wrote, in what became
essentially a Symbolist manifesto, that art should be

Answer 13

1. Idéiste (Ideative) … expressing an idea.
2. Symbolist since it expresses that idea through form.
3. Synthetic since it expresses those forms and signs in a way that is generally
   understandable.
4. Subjective since the object… is only an indication of an idea perceived by the
   subject.
5. And as a result it will also be Decorative … since decorative painting is at once
   an art that is synthetic, symbolist, and ideative.

Question 14

—- (a period of
artistic or moral decline as seen in the preference for the artificial over the natural -
and by extension, the idea that even humanity was in decline).

Answer 14

decadence

Question 15

developed first in England and soon spread to the European continent,
where it was called Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, Stile Floreale
(Stile Liberty) in Italy, and Modernismo (Modernista) in Spain.

Answer 15

Art Nouveau

Question 16

The term ‘—-‘ was coined by a gallery in Paris that exhibited much of this
work.

Answer 16

Art Nouveau

Question 17

—- ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the United States.

Answer 17

Art Nouveau,

Question 18

—- is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was
employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design,
posters, and illustration.

Answer 18

Art Nouveau

Question 19

The term —- stemmed from the name of the Parisian art gallery, called “La
Maison de l’Art Nouveau”, owned by the avant-garde art collector Siegfried Bing
(1838-1905), which showcased works created in the Art Nouveau style.

Answer 19

“Art Nouveau”

Question 20

The term —- stemmed from the name of the Parisian art gallery, called “—-“, owned by the avant-garde art collector Siegfried Bing
(1838-1905), which showcased works created in the Art Nouveau style.

Answer 20

La
Maison de l’Art Nouveau

Question 21

two greatest graphic artists of the Art
Nouveau movement were the —-

Answer 21

French
lithographer Jules Cheret and designer Alphonse Mucha

Question 22

—- is a style of painting that flourished in
France around the turn of the 20th century.

Answer 22

Fauvism

Question 23

—- used pure, brilliant color aggressively
applied straight from the paint tubes to create a
sense of an explosion on the canvas.

Answer 23

Fauve artists

Question 24

First formally exhibited in Paris in 1905, —– shocked visitors to the annual Salon
d’Automne; one of these visitors was the critic Louis
Vauxcelles, who, because of the violence of their
works, dubbed the painters fauves or “wild beasts.”

Answer 24

Fauvist
paintings

Question 25

----- is an artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person.

Answer 25

Expressionism

Question 26

In a broader sense ----- is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements.

Answer 26

Expressionism

Question 27

The term "-----" is thought to have been coined in 1910 by Czech art historian Antonin Matejcek, who intended it to denote the opposite of Impressionism.

Answer 27

Expressionism

Question 28

---- was a truly revolutionary style of modern art developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

Answer 28

Cubism

Question 29

The ---- emphasized the flat, two- dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspectives, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro, and refuting time-honored theories that art should imitate nature.

Answer 29

Cubist style

Question 30

---- were not bound to copying form, texture, color and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically.

Answer 30

Cubist paintersCubist painters

Question 31

The --- wanted to introduce the idea of ‘relativity ‘ – how the artist perceived and selected elements from the subject, fusing both their observations and memories into the once concentrated image.

Answer 31

Cubist

Question 32

A typical ---- depicts real people, places or objects, but not from a fixed viewpoint.

Answer 32

Cubist painting

Question 33

2 types of cubism

Answer 33

Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism

Question 34

----, an early 20th -century artistic movement centered in Italy, emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life.

Answer 34

Futurism

Question 35

The most significant results of the movement were in the visual arts and poetry.

Answer 35

Futurism

Question 36

--- coined the word Futurism to reflect his goal of discarding the art of the past and celebrating change, originality, and innovation in culture and society.

Answer 36

Marinette

Question 37

--- was an artistic and literary movement that began in Zurich, Switzerland.

Answer 37

Dadaism

Question 38

Influenced by other avant garde movements-Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, and Expressionism-its output was wildly diverse, ranging from performance art to poetry, photography, sculpture, painting, and collage.

Answer 38

Dadaism

Question 39

The movement dissipated with the establishment of Surrealism, but the ideas it gave rise to have become the cornerstones of various categories of modern and contemporary arts.

Answer 39

Dadaism

Question 40

The --- started in Europe in the 1920’s.

Answer 40

surrealist movement

Question 41

--- was first the work of poets and writers.

Answer 41

Surrealism

Question 42

The French poet, ----, is known as the “Pope of Surrealism”.

Answer 42

Andre Breton

Question 43

---- is defined as Psychic automatism in its pure state by which we propose to express – verbally, in writing, or any other manner – the real process of thought.

Answer 43

Surrealism

Question 44

According to ----, “pure psychic automatism” was the most important principle of Surrealism. Believed that true surrealists had no real talent; they just spoke their thoughts as they happened.

Answer 44

Breton