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BIOL 223 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Four functions of the cell?

A

Metabolism and energy. Synthesis of molecules. Communication. Reproduction and inheritance.

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1
Q

What are the basic structures of the cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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2
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

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3
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing

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4
Q

Extend deeply into membrane, often extending from one surface to the other; can form channels through the membrane

A

Integral (Intrinsic) Membrane Protein

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5
Q

Attached to integral proteins at either the inner or outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer

A

Peripheral (Extrinsic) Membrane Proteins

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6
Q

Allows cells to identify one another or other molecules

A

Marker Molecules

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7
Q

Marker Molecule examples?

A

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

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8
Q

Attach cells to other cells

A

Cadherins

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9
Q

Integral proteins that attach to extra cellular molecules

A

Integrins

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10
Q

Transport proteins include?

A

Channel proteins, carrier proteins, and ATP-powered pumps.

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11
Q

Nongated ion channels are:

A

Always open

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12
Q

Responsible for the permeability of the plasma membrane to ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

A

Nongated Ion Channels

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13
Q

Two examples of gated ion channels are?

A

Ligand gated and voltage-gated

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14
Q

Gated ion channels can be:

A

Opened or closed by certain stimuli

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15
Q

Open in response to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoproteins

A

Ligand Gated Ion Channel

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16
Q

Open when there is a change in charge across the plasma membrane

A

Voltage-Gated Ion Channel

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17
Q

Carrier proteins are also called?

A

Transporters

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18
Q

Have specific binding sites; protein changes shape to transport ions or molecules; resumes original shape after transport

A

Carrier Proteins

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19
Q

Moves one particles

A

Uniporters

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20
Q

Move two particles in the same direction at the same time

A

Symporters

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21
Q

Move two particles I’m opposite directions at the same time

A

Antiporters

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22
Q

Attach to specific chemical signal molecules and act as an intercellular communication system

A

Receptor Proteins

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23
Q

Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration in solution

A

Diffusion

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24
Difference between two points
Concentration
25
How easily a liquid flows
Viscosity
26
Diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves from an area of low concentration of solute to an area of high concentration of solute.
Osmosis
27
Force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis
Osmotic Pressure
28
Solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles
Isosmotic
29
Solution with a greater concentration of solute
Hyperosmotic
30
Solution with a lesser concentration of solute
Hyposmotic
31
Cell neither shrinks nor swells
Isotonic
32
Cell shrinks
Hypertonic
33
Cell swells
Hypotonic
34
Characteristics of mediated transport are?
Specificity, competition, and saturation
35
Move large, water soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules across the plasma membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
36
The use of energy allows the cell to accumulate substances. Rate of transport depends on concentration of substrate and on concentration of ATP.
ATP-Powered Transport
37
Internalization of substances by formation of a vesicles
Endocytosis
38
Types of Endocytosis are?
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
39
Accumulated vesicle secretions expelled from the cell
Exocytosis
40
Cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
41
Cytoplasm is composed of:
Cytosol, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic inclusion, and organelles
42
Cytosol is the _________ of the cell.
Fluid portion
43
Ions in water
Dissolved molecules
44
Proteins in water
Colloid
45
The cytoskeleton contains what?
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, cytoplasmic inclusions
46
Hollow, made of tubulin; internal scaffold, transport, cell division
Microtubules
47
Actin; structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement.
Microfilaments
48
Mechanical strength
Intermediate filaments
49
Aggregates of chemicals such as lipid droplets, melanin
Cytoplasmic inclusions
50
What does the nucleolus contain?
RNA
51
What makes up the nucleus?
Nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope
52
Is DNA acidic or basic?
Acidic
53
Are histones acidic or basic?
Basic
54
Histones are?
Proteins found in chromatin.
55
DNA complexed with proteins called histones.
Chromatin
56
Pairs of chromatin.
Chromatid
57
Pairs of chromatid make up?
Chromosomes.
58
Chromatids are joined together by the?
Centromere
59
What is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes.
60
Types of Ribosomes?
Free and attached.
61
Free ribosomes are located where?
Floating around in the cell.
62
Attached ribosomes are found where?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
63
Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Rough and smooth
64
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum produce and modify what?
Proteins wit the help of ribosomes.
65
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum produce what?
Lipids and carbohydrates.
66
Interior spaces isolated from rest of cytoplasm.
Cisternae
67
The __________ is in charge of modification, packaging, distribution of proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use.
Golgi Apparatus.
68
Lysosomes are essentially the?
Clean up crew.
69
Smaller than lysosomes; contain enzymes to break down fatty acids and amino acids; hydrogen peroxide is a by-product of breakdown.
Peroxisomes
70
Consists of large protein complexes; include several enzymes that break down and recycle proteins in cell.
Proteasomes
71
Site of ATP synthesis.
Mitochondria
72
Infoldings of inner membrane of mitochondria
Cristae
73
Substance located in space formed by inner membrane of mitochondria.
Matrix
74
Moves materials over the cell surface
Cilia
75
Move the cell
Flagella
76
Flagella has a ______ microtuble arrangement.
9 + 2
77
Extensions of plasma membrane and increase the cell surface area
Microvilli

BIOL 223 (5 decks)

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