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BIOL 223 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Four functions of the cell?

A

Metabolism and energy. Synthesis of molecules. Communication. Reproduction and inheritance.

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1
Q

What are the basic structures of the cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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2
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

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3
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing

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4
Q

Extend deeply into membrane, often extending from one surface to the other; can form channels through the membrane

A

Integral (Intrinsic) Membrane Protein

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5
Q

Attached to integral proteins at either the inner or outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer

A

Peripheral (Extrinsic) Membrane Proteins

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6
Q

Allows cells to identify one another or other molecules

A

Marker Molecules

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7
Q

Marker Molecule examples?

A

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

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8
Q

Attach cells to other cells

A

Cadherins

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9
Q

Integral proteins that attach to extra cellular molecules

A

Integrins

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10
Q

Transport proteins include?

A

Channel proteins, carrier proteins, and ATP-powered pumps.

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11
Q

Nongated ion channels are:

A

Always open

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12
Q

Responsible for the permeability of the plasma membrane to ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

A

Nongated Ion Channels

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13
Q

Two examples of gated ion channels are?

A

Ligand gated and voltage-gated

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14
Q

Gated ion channels can be:

A

Opened or closed by certain stimuli

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15
Q

Open in response to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoproteins

A

Ligand Gated Ion Channel

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16
Q

Open when there is a change in charge across the plasma membrane

A

Voltage-Gated Ion Channel

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17
Q

Carrier proteins are also called?

A

Transporters

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18
Q

Have specific binding sites; protein changes shape to transport ions or molecules; resumes original shape after transport

A

Carrier Proteins

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19
Q

Moves one particles

A

Uniporters

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20
Q

Move two particles in the same direction at the same time

A

Symporters

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21
Q

Move two particles I’m opposite directions at the same time

A

Antiporters

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22
Q

Attach to specific chemical signal molecules and act as an intercellular communication system

A

Receptor Proteins

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23
Q

Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration in solution

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

Difference between two points

A

Concentration

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25
Q

How easily a liquid flows

A

Viscosity

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26
Q

Diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves from an area of low concentration of solute to an area of high concentration of solute.

A

Osmosis

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27
Q

Force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

A

Osmotic Pressure

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28
Q

Solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles

A

Isosmotic

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29
Q

Solution with a greater concentration of solute

A

Hyperosmotic

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30
Q

Solution with a lesser concentration of solute

A

Hyposmotic

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31
Q

Cell neither shrinks nor swells

32
Q

Cell shrinks

A

Hypertonic

33
Q

Cell swells

34
Q

Characteristics of mediated transport are?

A

Specificity, competition, and saturation

35
Q

Move large, water soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules across the plasma membrane

A

Facilitated Diffusion

36
Q

The use of energy allows the cell to accumulate substances. Rate of transport depends on concentration of substrate and on concentration of ATP.

A

ATP-Powered Transport

37
Q

Internalization of substances by formation of a vesicles

A

Endocytosis

38
Q

Types of Endocytosis are?

A

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

39
Q

Accumulated vesicle secretions expelled from the cell

A

Exocytosis

40
Q

Cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane

41
Q

Cytoplasm is composed of:

A

Cytosol, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic inclusion, and organelles

42
Q

Cytosol is the _________ of the cell.

A

Fluid portion

43
Q

Ions in water

A

Dissolved molecules

44
Q

Proteins in water

45
Q

The cytoskeleton contains what?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, cytoplasmic inclusions

46
Q

Hollow, made of tubulin; internal scaffold, transport, cell division

A

Microtubules

47
Q

Actin; structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement.

A

Microfilaments

48
Q

Mechanical strength

A

Intermediate filaments

49
Q

Aggregates of chemicals such as lipid droplets, melanin

A

Cytoplasmic inclusions

50
Q

What does the nucleolus contain?

51
Q

What makes up the nucleus?

A

Nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope

52
Q

Is DNA acidic or basic?

53
Q

Are histones acidic or basic?

54
Q

Histones are?

A

Proteins found in chromatin.

55
Q

DNA complexed with proteins called histones.

56
Q

Pairs of chromatin.

57
Q

Pairs of chromatid make up?

A

Chromosomes.

58
Q

Chromatids are joined together by the?

A

Centromere

59
Q

What is the site of protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes.

60
Q

Types of Ribosomes?

A

Free and attached.

61
Q

Free ribosomes are located where?

A

Floating around in the cell.

62
Q

Attached ribosomes are found where?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

63
Q

Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A

Rough and smooth

64
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum produce and modify what?

A

Proteins wit the help of ribosomes.

65
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum produce what?

A

Lipids and carbohydrates.

66
Q

Interior spaces isolated from rest of cytoplasm.

67
Q

The __________ is in charge of modification, packaging, distribution of proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use.

A

Golgi Apparatus.

68
Q

Lysosomes are essentially the?

A

Clean up crew.

69
Q

Smaller than lysosomes; contain enzymes to break down fatty acids and amino acids; hydrogen peroxide is a by-product of breakdown.

A

Peroxisomes

70
Q

Consists of large protein complexes; include several enzymes that break down and recycle proteins in cell.

A

Proteasomes

71
Q

Site of ATP synthesis.

A

Mitochondria

72
Q

Infoldings of inner membrane of mitochondria

73
Q

Substance located in space formed by inner membrane of mitochondria.

74
Q

Moves materials over the cell surface

75
Q

Move the cell

76
Q

Flagella has a ______ microtuble arrangement.

77
Q

Extensions of plasma membrane and increase the cell surface area

A

Microvilli

BIOL 223 (5 decks)

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