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BIOL 223 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

In ionic compounds, cations are attracted to negative end and anions attracted to positive end of water molecules; the ions separate and each become surrounded by water molecules

A

Dissociation or Separation

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1
Q

Ability of one substance to dissolve in another

A

Solubility

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2
Q

Dissociation of an ionic compound in water; has the capacity to conduct an electric current

A

Electrolyte

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3
Q

Solutions made by molecules that dissolve in water, but do not dissociate; do not conduct electricity

A

Nonelectrolytes

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4
Q

Substances that enter into a chemical reaction

A

Reactants

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5
Q

Substances that result from the reaction

A

Products

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6
Q

All anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

A

Metabolism

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7
Q

When one electron is shared but is needed more in one element

A

Polar Covalent Bond

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8
Q

Electrons are shared equally between atoms in a covalent bond

A

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

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9
Q

Two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product

A

Synthesis Reaction

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10
Q

Synthetic reaction where water is a product

A

Dehydration

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11
Q

Chemical bonds made; energy stored in the bonds. Responsible for growth, main tends and repair.

A

Anabolism

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12
Q

What two parts are in synthesis reactions?

A

Anabolism and dehydration

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13
Q

A large reactant is broken down to form smaller products.

A

Decomposition Reactions

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14
Q

Chemical bonds broken; energy released

A

Catabolism

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15
Q

Water is split into two parts that contribute to the formation of the products

A

Hydrolysis

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16
Q

Chemical reactions in which the reaction can proceed either from reactants to products or form products to reactants.

A

Reversible Reactions

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17
Q

Ability to do work

A

Energy

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18
Q

Energy stored in chemical bonds; energy that could do work if it were released.

A

Potential Energy

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19
Q

Does work and moves matter.

A

Kinetic Energy

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20
Q

Energy resulting from the position or movement of objects

A

Mechanical Energy

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21
Q

Form of potential energy in the chemical bonds of a substance

A

Chemical Energy

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22
Q

Energy that flows between objects of different temperatures

A

Heat Energy

23
Q

Substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being permanently changed or depleted

A

Catalyst

24
Q

Proteinaceous catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy necessary for reaction to begin.

A

Enzymes

25
Q

Minimum energy reactants must have to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation Energy

26
Q

Substances that do not contain carbon

A

Inorganic Chemistry

27
Q

Study of carbon containing substances

A

Organic Chemistry

28
Q

Large amount of heat requires to raise temperature of water

A

Specific heat

29
Q

Substances physically but not chemically combined

A

Mixture

30
Q

Materials separate unless stirred.

A

Suspension

31
Q

Dispersal of tiny particles through a medium

A

Colloid

32
Q

Mixture of liquids, gasses, or solids that are uniformly distributed and chemically combined

A

Solution

33
Q

Dissolve the solute

A

Solvent

34
Q

Dissolves in the solvent

A

Solute

35
Q

Measure of number of particles of solute per volume of solution

A

Concentration

36
Q

A proton donor or any substance that releases hydrogen ions. [H+]

A

Acid

37
Q

A proton acceptor or any substance that binds to or accepts hydrogen ions. [-OH]

A

Base

38
Q

A compound consisting of a cation other than a hydrogen ion and an anion other a hydroxide ion

A

Salt

39
Q

A solution of a conjugate acid-base pair in which acid and bass components occur in similar concentrations

A

Buffers

40
Q

Carbohydrates are?

A

Sugars

41
Q

Lipids are?

A

Fats

42
Q

Proteins are?

A

Amino acids

43
Q

Nucleic acids example?

A

ATP, DNA, RNA

44
Q

Carbohydrates are composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

45
Q

Lipids are composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

46
Q

Proteins are composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes iodine

47
Q

Nucleic acids are composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

48
Q

Carbohydrates functions?

A

Energy sources and structure

49
Q

Lipids functions?

A

Protection, insulation, physiological regulation, component of cell membranes, energy source

50
Q

Proteins functions?

A

Regulate processes, aid transport, protection, muscle contraction, structure, energy

51
Q

Carbohydrates examples?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

52
Q

Lipid examples?

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

53
Q

Enzymes change shape to accommodate the shape of specific reactants

A

Induced Fit Hypothesis

54
Q

Combine with active sure and make nonfunctional enzymes functional

A

Cofactors

55
Q

Organic cofactors

A

Coenzymes

56
Q

Energy currency of the body; provides energy for other chemical reactions as anabolism

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

BIOL 223 (5 decks)

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