Chapter 3 Flashcards
draw the clark fisher model
whats calrk fisher model
demonstrates how economy grows and the relativr importance of diff sectors changes
uses % employed in each sector to show thus
originally consisted of 3 sectors now 4
Ghanas econoym- pre industrial phase
52% primary
16 sec
32 tertiary
chinas economy-industrial phase
47% primary
32% sec
21% tertiary
Uk economy -post industrial phase
2% primary
17% secondary
81% teritary
advantages of clark fisher model
more western HICS and many NEEs fit the model
tiem scale can be adapted to take into acc diff raes of development for example south korea passed thro model quicker then UK
alow government insight into future trends
emprical data from a large number of countries
negatives of clark fisher model
many LIcs and NEEs have a large service sector but havent passed thro industrialisation
tourism is a common cause of this e.g Jamaica
model ignores import of manufactured good as its pre globalisation
primarys ector doesnt always decline- individ differences e.g saudia arabia ahs big primary
whats a kondratiev wave
another model used to describe the 50 yrs in duration and each of the 4 past waves has 4 phases
4 phases of waves
prosperity
recession
depression and
recovery
whats each wave associated w
development of particular technological innovations and economic activites
the five kondratiev waves
- steam engine
- railways, steel
- electrification, chemicals
- automobiles, petrochemicals
- information technologies, communictions
whats 6th k wave
environment technology?
biotechnology?
examples of external forces and factors that influence economic restructuring
changing technology and
lifestyles,
government strategy
and globalisation
resource depletion
economies of scale
labour costs
ebbw vale technological advances
1914 hot rolling of steel via an integrated steel works resulted in renewed employment in the area. Steel works imporved in 1970= jobs for 16,000
also introduce new tech and pharamceuticals
how did ebbw vale grow
over past 200 yrs, grew as product of industrial revolution powered by coal extracted from mines
by 1860s become a centre for steel works
in depression yrs there was lack of demand for coal and only 1% of work remained in servcie
SPecial area act 1934 tried to rectify problems and entreuprener did too
government strategies in ebbw vale
£350 million investment form EU incl a hospital, improved housing and trainign cnetre, retails centre opened to introduce tertiary employment to amek up the loss from sec jobs
economies of scale in ebbw vale factor thats brought abt economic change in this palce
unable to compete w larger coastal plants in the UK and abroad bc of incr improvements in transport tech so hgih cost uncompetetive products are produced
globalsiation factor in ebbw vale factor thats brought abt economic change in this palce
competition from imported steel continued the cycle of deindustrialisation and tin planting closed in 2001
however open biotech company in Peen Pharma
labour costs in ebbw vale factor thats brought abt economic change in this palce
made steel production unprofitable vs global comp
lifestyle changes in ebbw vale factor thats brought abt economic change in this palce
lack of appropriate skills in the community to access new tertiary jobs
so there is more emphasis on education and skills
environmental protection is now also more important
low scale economic and social deprivation in 2013 following the closure of the factories
economic changes in Ebbw vale
National Garden festival site in 1992
works redeveloped for housing education
hopsital w 350 million investment from EU
cooling ponds= wetland centre
museam in old works offcie
enterprise zone
factor of boosterism in ebbw vale factor thats brought abt economic change in this palce
publciity to create image of modernity represented by new activites so keepign a sense of past Ebbw Vale in museam
decline in secondary employment in urban places case study
Consett
consett loss of jobs when steel works closed
3700
causes of deindustrialisation
fall in output of manufacturing
development of new imporved products
growth of cheaper imports of same product
how much of UK employment does primary secror now account for
2%
whys tertiary sector grow
decline in transport costs and growth in telecommunications and industrialisation enabled countries to invest in healthcare and education
