chapter 3 Flashcards
verbal communication
verbal communication
use of language to connect with others
syntax
structure and rules governing word arrangement (part of grammar
grammar
the complete set of language rules
poysemy
a single word can have multiple meanings
denotative meaning
primary, literal meaning of a word
connotative meaning
additional meanings or emotions of a word
feminine talk
harmony and compromise
masculine talk
direct and competitive
high-context talk
relies on context and NVC
low-context talk
focus on explicit verbal content
collectivist talk
focus on group harmony
individualist talk
emphasize personal achievement
high code
frame for formal, structured language
low code
frame for informal, casual language
convergence
adjusting speech style to align with another
divergence
distancing speech style from to differentiate from another
narrative
story with plot/theme, often presentational
account
explanation/justification, offers perspective beyond basic facts
PENTAD
framework to analyze motivations behind actiond
act
what happened (pentad)
scene
where it happened (pentad)
agent
who performed act (pentad)
agency
how act was done (pentad)
purpose
why the act occured (pentad)
facework
managing one’s dignity in interactions
bald-on-record
direct communication without face needs
positive politeness
emphasize friendliness
negative politeness
show respect for privacy and autonomy
off-record
implies or hint at a request
