Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are worldviews?
->Includes one’s assumptions, understandings,
interpretations, and beliefs about one’s
relationship to the people, institutions, and
phenomena within their environment
->the ways people construct meaning of their worlds
->develops as a result of one’s cultural and historical upbringings
What are some aspects of multiculturalism?
->culture
->ethnicity
->race
->religion
->spirituality
->sexual orientation
->gender
->age
->social class
->ability
->language
->geographical location
Describe the multicultural landscape in Canada
->Immigration trends show increasing ethnic and
religious diversity within the population
->Growing indigenous population
->Since 1959, Canada has resettled over 700,000
refugees
->2015-16, Canada welcomed 33,723 Syrian
refugees
->Majority of Canadians identify as Christian, but their numbers are
declining
->Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh religions have doubled in the last decade
->Estimated 3-10% of youth and adult populations have non-dominant
sexual orientations (LGBTQ+)
->
Culture is…
…everything
->it permeates our lives, culture precedes us as
individuals, we are the expressions of our culture
->Includes assumptions and values about human
nature, moral prescriptions about what human
reality should be or is
What are some assumptions about culture?
->Each individual is a cultural being
->Culture is learned and transmitted through social interactions and
from generation to generation
->Culture is dynamic
->Individuals may hold multiple cultural identities that evolve over
the lifespan and change through interactions both within and
across cultures
What are the two core questions of culture, acculturation, and identity?
- What is a person?
- What should a person become?
->Cultural maintenance: Is it considered to be of value to maintain cultural identity and characteristics?
->Contact and participation: Is it considered to be of value
to maintain relationships with dominant society?
Describe the role of spirituality and religion in counselling
->Early in history, conflict arose between ministers and physicians
->Psychologists desire to be seen as scientific
->Only recently has APA and other organizations recognized and researched
spirituality/religion
->Eastern approaches to therapy may be ahead of Western approaches in
regards to spirituality/religion
How is spirituality integrated in practice?
Questions to consider:
->What is the relationship between spirituality/religion and counselling?
->Is the counsellor spiritual or religious?
->Can a non-spiritual/non-religious counsellor work with a spiritual/religious client?
Describe gender identity
->Gender identity can correspond to or
differ from the sex we are assigned at
birth
->Differs from sexual orientation
->Gender is the complex interrelationship
between three dimensions:
—>Body
—>Identity
—>Expression
What are some assumptions of western counselling theories?
->people are capable of change
->self is more important then community
->persons spirituality should be de-emphasized
Describe multicultural counselling
->All counselling is inevitably multicultural counselling
->A counselling relationship in which a client and therapist
are of different ethnicities, cultures, races, religions, sexual orientation, age, ability, and/or backgrounds
->multicultural perspectives include:
—>Clients’ life stories represent their ways of constructing meaning in the world
—>The theories that counsellors have historically used contain cultural biases,
values, and beliefs about individuals’ mental health that are largely
Eurocentric in nature and that may not agree with those from different
cultures
—>Traditional theories do not represent universal truths about individuals’
psychological wellness and mental health
Describe culture infused counselling
->Includes our differences and commonalities as well
as the bonds that connect us as human beings
->Concerned with how the imbalance of social power
differentially impacts people
->Consideration of how cultural identities are
constructed through social interaction
->therapeutic process:
—>Trust is key
—>Building a strong working alliance
—>The clinician considers the worldviews of
clients and explores their thoughts, values,
and feelings about counselling
—>Collaboratively defining goals and processes
of counselling
How do you become multiculturally aware?
->Become aware of your biases and values
->Become aware of your own cultural norms and expectations
->Attempt to understand the world from your client’s vantage
point
->Gain knowledge of the dynamics of oppression, racism,
discrimination, and stereotyping
How do we become multiculturally competent?
->Study the historical background, traditions, and values of
your client and be open to learning from him/her/them
->Expand your vantage point to explore your client’s ways of
life that are different from your own
->Develop an awareness of acculturation strategies
