chapter 3

Question 1

vision is the sensory system that allows us to perceive….

Answer 1

light

Question 2

light

Answer 2

• electromagnetic energy
• made up of photons
• wavelength

Question 3

electromagnetic energy

Answer 3

• form of energy that includes light that is simultaneously both a wave and a particle

Question 4

wavelength

Answer 4

• distance between two adjacent peaks in a repeating wave, different forms of electromagnetic energy are classified by their wavelengths

Question 5

intensity in reference to waves

Answer 5

• height of a wave

Question 6

frequency

Answer 6

• number of waves per unit of time, frequency is the inverse of wavelength

Question 7

the shorter the wavelength is…

Answer 7

the higher the energy is

Question 8

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 8

• the complete range of wavelengths of light and other electromagnetic energy

Question 9

photon

Answer 9

• a single particle of light

Question 10

how humans see light

Answer 10

• light emanates from a light source
• light falls on objects in an environment
• those wavelengths reflected by the objects
• reflected light enters the eye through the pupil, focused on the retina by the cornea and lebns
• rods and cones in the retina transduce light energy into an electrochemical signal
• sent to the brain processing through the optic nerve

Question 11

cornea

Answer 11

• clear front surface of the eye that allows light in
• major focusing element

Question 12

sclera

Answer 12

• outside surface of the eye
• protective membrane covering the eye

Question 13

anterior chamber

Answer 13

• fluid filled space between the cornea and the iris

Question 14

iris

Answer 14

• colored part of the eye
• muscle that controls the amount of light entering through the pupil

Question 15

pupil

Answer 15

• an opening in the middle of the iris

Question 16

pupillary reflex

Answer 16

• automatic process by which the iris contratcs or relaxes in response to the amount of light entering the eye
• the reflex controls the size of the pupil

Question 17

heterochromia

Answer 17

• one person has irises of 2 different colors

Question 18

posterior chamber

Answer 18

• space between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humor

Question 19

the lens

Answer 19

• located behind the iris
• adjustable focusing element of the eye

Question 20

accommodation

Answer 20

• process of adjusting the lens of the eye so that you can see near and far objects clearly
• controlled by ciliary muscles

Question 21

ciliary muscles

Answer 21

• work with zonule fibers connecting the lens to the choroid membrane
• contract, increasing curvature of the lens, lens thickens, focus close

Question 22

presbyopia

Answer 22

• incoming light focuses behind the retina
• difficulty close up objects

Question 23

how the retinae transduce light energy into a neural signal that is sent to the brain

Question 24

retinal image

Answer 24

• light projected onto the retina

Question 25

anatomy of the retina

Answer 25

• ## innermost of the three membranes in the eye

Question 26

retina

Answer 26

• paper thin layer of cells at the back of the eye where transduction takes place
• designed to help photoreceptors capture light
• starts the process of transmitting visual information to the brain

L. The cells at the back of the eye are the photoreceptors. These cells then synapse (i.e., connect) with two types of cells. The horizontal cells connect from one photoreceptor to another while the bipolar cells convey the signal from the photoreceptors to the next inner layer. The bipolar cells synapse with amacrine cells and ganglion cells. Amacrine cells connect across different bipolar cells and ganglion cells. The[…]”

Excerpt From
Sensation and Perception (9781506383897)
Schwartz, Bennett L.; Krantz, John H.
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