chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
scoville scale
A
- measure of our detection of the amount of capsaicin in chilli peppers
2
Q
capasicin
A
- active ingredient in chilli peppers that provides the experience of heat/spice
3
Q
psychophysical scale
A
- measurement system used in psychophysics to quantify the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations or perceptions they produce in a human observer.
4
Q
just noticeable difference (JND)/ difference threshold
A
- smallest amount of physical change observers notice as perceptual change
5
Q
method of limits
A
- stimuli are presented on a graduated scale
- participants must judge the stimuli along a certain property that goes up or down
6
Q
absolute threshold
A
- smallest level of energy required by an external stimulus to be detectable by the human senses
7
Q
crossover point
A
- point at which a person changes from detecting to not detecting a stimulus or vice versa
8
Q
two-point touch threshold
A
- minimum distance at which two touches are perceived as two touches and not one
9
Q
method of constant stimuli
A
- method where the threshold is determined by presenting the observer with a set of stimuli, some above threshold and some below
10
Q
method of adjustment
A
- observer controls the level of stimulus and adjusts it to be at the perceptual threshold
- intuitive for the participant
11
Q
point of subjective equality (PSE)
A
- the settings of two stimuli at which the observer experiences them as identical
12
Q
sensitivity
A
- ability to perceive a particular stimulus
- inversely related to threshold, high sensitivity can percept stimuli at a lower threshold, low sensitivity can percept stimuli at a higher threshold
13
Q
magnitude estimation
A
- psychophysical method
- participants judge and assign numerical estimates to the perceived strength of a stimulus
14
Q
response compression
A
- as the strength of a stimulus increases, so does the perceptual response BUT the perceptual response does not increase by as much as the stimulus increases
15
Q
response expansion
A
- as the strength of the stimulus increases, the perceptual response increases even more
16
Q
catch trial
A
- trial in which the stimulus is not presented
17
Q
forced-choice method
A
- psychophysical
- participant required to report when or where a stimulus occurs instead of whether it was perceived
18
Q
signal detection analysis
miss
A
- error, incoming signal not detected
19
Q
signal detection analysis
correct rejection
A
- non-signal is dismissed as not present
20
Q
signal detection analysis
hit
A
- signal is detected and signal is present
21
Q
d’ (d-prime)
A
- a mathematical measure of sensitivity
22
Q
signal detection analysis
receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve
A
- a plot of false alarms versus hits for any given sensitivity
- indicating all possible outcomes for a given sensitivity
- captures all aspects of signal detection theory in one graph
23
Q
when d’ =
A
- 0, perceiver can’t discriminate between signal and noise
- as d’ increases, hits and correct rejections increase and misses and false alarms decrease
24
Q
masking
A
- difficulty in seeing one stimulus when it is quickly replaced by a second stimulus that occupies the same or adjacent spacial locations
25
Q
sensorineural hearing loss
A
- permanent hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlear or auditory nerve to the primary auditory cortex
26
Q
conductive hearing loss
A
- inability of sound to be transmitted to the cochlea
27
Q
audiometer
A
- device presents tones of different frequencies from low in pitch to high and different volumes from soft to loud
28
Q
audiogram
A
- graph that shows frequency thresholds measured by the audiometer
